Exploring perspectives on engagement in interactive virtual reality for chronic pain management: insights from a content analysis study

To investigate perspectives of people with chronic pain regarding aspects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) that enhance and reduce engagement and the outcomes of engagement in IVR. This content analysis was performed on data obtained through open-ended interview questions from a study aiming to understand the influence of IVR on chronic pain study at a research lab at a university. Participants included a sample of 20 adults who completed the parent study. Results highlight that presence, agency, customization, and novelty are important aspects that enhance engagement in IVR, with agency and presence being mentioned most frequently. Meanwhile, secondary effects of IVR and usability were said to reduce engagement with the IVR. Outcomes of engagement with IVR include enjoyment, mood elevation, relaxation/calming, a distraction from pain, and a loss of reality. This study provides an initial understanding of individuals’ perspectives of engagement with IVR in relation to chronic pain management. Health professionals using IVR to treat people with chronic pain can use these elements to facilitate engagement in their clients. Further research should be done to study the association between engagement in IVR and pain reduction to improve the development of IVR programs for chronic pain management.