Groundwater age estimation using tritium in continuous permafrost, Eastern Siberia, Russia
摘要
Groundwater origin, age, and flow mechanisms within continuous permafrost environments of Eastern Siberia (Russia) are investigated using tritium data. In this region, permafrost acts as both a barrier and a conduit for hydrological fluxes, influencing groundwater accessibility and quality. The study reveals complex interactions between permafrost dynamics and hydrogeological responses and a significant differentiation in groundwater age. Post-1953 water fractions in continuous-permafrost springs and wells range between 6 and 100%, with minimum groundwater ages ranging from 0 to 58 years. The significant presence of groundwater recharged prior to 1953 in many groundwater springs indicates a long transit time through a complex network of supra- and intrapermafrost groundwater systems and possible contribution from the subpermafrost groundwater. The results of this study are consistent with mixing among three primary sources for the groundwater springs in the continuous permafrost region near Yakutsk, Eastern Siberia: precipitation, lake waters, and subpermafrost groundwater. The study identifies dominant groundwater pathways, indicating that supra-, intra-, and subpermafrost aquifers play critical roles in the regional water cycle. The interaction of permafrost with existing hydrogeological structures significantly influences the spatial distribution, isotope, and chemical composition of groundwater.