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<p>Clogging of porous media during artificial recharge is a technical bottleneck that limits the application of this technology. Sand column experiments were used to simulate the clogging of porous media to explore the effect of Cu(II) alone and in combination with suspended solids on hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>). The results indicate that at the end of experiments, the normalized hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>’) in experimental groups with Cu(II) concentrations of 1, 3, and 5&#xa0;mg/L decreased to 0.634, 0.323, and 0.242, respectively. The degree of clogging increases with increasing Cu(II) concentration. At the end of recharge, the <i>K</i>’ of the porous media in the 1&#xa0;mg/L Cu(II), 100 NTU kaolin, and 100 NTU kaolin + 1&#xa0;mg/L Cu(II) experimental groups decreased to 0.634, 0.233, and 0.016, respectively. The presence of Cu(II) and kaolin can individually cause clogging of porous media, but when Cu(II) coexists with kaolin, the degree of clogging significantly intensifies. The impact of Cu(II) and kaolin on porous media is not simply additive, but synergistic. The presence of Cu(II) changes the surface charge of suspended solids, increases particle size, and enhances migration, thereby significantly exacerbating clogging. This study systematically elucidates the clogging mechanism of suspended solids under the influence of Cu(II), thus providing a scientific basis for the design and management of artificial recharge systems.</p>

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Effect of Cu(II) on the clogging of porous media by suspended particles during artificial recharge

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Huan Wang,
  • Zhenfei Zhang,
  • Haozhi Liang,
  • Yongyi Liu,
  • Xinqiang Du

摘要

Clogging of porous media during artificial recharge is a technical bottleneck that limits the application of this technology. Sand column experiments were used to simulate the clogging of porous media to explore the effect of Cu(II) alone and in combination with suspended solids on hydraulic conductivity (K). The results indicate that at the end of experiments, the normalized hydraulic conductivity (K’) in experimental groups with Cu(II) concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 mg/L decreased to 0.634, 0.323, and 0.242, respectively. The degree of clogging increases with increasing Cu(II) concentration. At the end of recharge, the K’ of the porous media in the 1 mg/L Cu(II), 100 NTU kaolin, and 100 NTU kaolin + 1 mg/L Cu(II) experimental groups decreased to 0.634, 0.233, and 0.016, respectively. The presence of Cu(II) and kaolin can individually cause clogging of porous media, but when Cu(II) coexists with kaolin, the degree of clogging significantly intensifies. The impact of Cu(II) and kaolin on porous media is not simply additive, but synergistic. The presence of Cu(II) changes the surface charge of suspended solids, increases particle size, and enhances migration, thereby significantly exacerbating clogging. This study systematically elucidates the clogging mechanism of suspended solids under the influence of Cu(II), thus providing a scientific basis for the design and management of artificial recharge systems.