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<p>This study investigates the nearshore freshened groundwater (NFG) system along the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay, southern Bohai Bay, China, focusing on its hydrological and hydrogeochemical characteristics and the environmental impacts of its exploitation for turbot aquaculture. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research integrates data from onshore boreholes, coastal wells, and nearshore drilling, complemented by geophysical logging (gamma and casing collar locator measurements), geological sampling, isotopic analysis (δ<sup>1</sup>⁸O and δD), and long-term hydrological monitoring of water levels, conductivity, and temperature. Results reveal a multi-layered aquifer system within Quaternary sediments, buried 8–10&#xa0;m below the seabed, with NFG exhibiting a Na–Cl hydrochemistry with significant Mg<sup>2</sup>⁺ enrichment due to seawater infiltration and tidal/wave recharge, alongside contributions from inland groundwater recharge. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is predominantly constituted by tidal and wave infiltration (69.4%), with a freshwater input of 6.5% and a nearshore aquifer recharge contribution of 24.1%. Extensive nearshore groundwater abstraction has formed depression cones, mitigating seawater intrusion into inland aquifers (reducing the affected area from 276.99 km<sup>2</sup> in 1997 to 234 km<sup>2</sup> in 2003) but risking offshore freshwater depletion and quality deterioration from pollution, potentially triggering harmful algal blooms. These findings underscore the need for sustainable extraction strategies to preserve coastal ecosystems and groundwater resources in this aquaculture-dependent region.</p>

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Hydrological characteristics of nearshore freshened groundwater (NFG) and its environmental effects of exploitation on the east coast of Laizhou Bay, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Fulin Li,
  • Mingyang Li,
  • Jean-Christophe Comte,
  • Peipeng Wu,
  • Huawei Chen

摘要

This study investigates the nearshore freshened groundwater (NFG) system along the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay, southern Bohai Bay, China, focusing on its hydrological and hydrogeochemical characteristics and the environmental impacts of its exploitation for turbot aquaculture. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research integrates data from onshore boreholes, coastal wells, and nearshore drilling, complemented by geophysical logging (gamma and casing collar locator measurements), geological sampling, isotopic analysis (δ1⁸O and δD), and long-term hydrological monitoring of water levels, conductivity, and temperature. Results reveal a multi-layered aquifer system within Quaternary sediments, buried 8–10 m below the seabed, with NFG exhibiting a Na–Cl hydrochemistry with significant Mg2⁺ enrichment due to seawater infiltration and tidal/wave recharge, alongside contributions from inland groundwater recharge. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is predominantly constituted by tidal and wave infiltration (69.4%), with a freshwater input of 6.5% and a nearshore aquifer recharge contribution of 24.1%. Extensive nearshore groundwater abstraction has formed depression cones, mitigating seawater intrusion into inland aquifers (reducing the affected area from 276.99 km2 in 1997 to 234 km2 in 2003) but risking offshore freshwater depletion and quality deterioration from pollution, potentially triggering harmful algal blooms. These findings underscore the need for sustainable extraction strategies to preserve coastal ecosystems and groundwater resources in this aquaculture-dependent region.