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<p>High permeability fault zones are considered to be one of the main water inrush conduits in coal mines. However, the variation of spatial permeability within the fault zone results in great uncertainty in the assessment of water inrush risk. This research focused on a thrust fault exposed by three mining working faces in the Yangcun Coal Mine. A systematic analysis of geological conditions, in situ high-pressure water injection tests, microscopic tests and theoretical analyses are conducted, and the spatial differences in the flow changes in the fault zone are revealed. The fault zone features a fault core and a fault damage zone, and the results reveal that the permeabilities of the three locations in the fault zone are lower during the initial test and increase gradually with increasing test number after repeated water injection. The depths of the two shallow test locations are approximately 370–380&#xa0;m, while the depth of the deep test location reaches 385&#xa0;m. The permeability of the deep test section is greater and fluctuates less compared to the shallow sections, demonstrating the anisotropic characteristics of the fault zone. Through macroscopic and microscopic analyses of faulted rock samples, the mechanism underlying the permeability differences at different fault locations is revealed. This mechanism is controlled by the development of rock fractures inside the fault and water–rock interactions, which controls the variation in permeability values derived from forward and reverse water injection tests. Overall, this study provides further understanding of fault-related water inrush processes in coal mines.</p>

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Spatial evolution mechanisms underlying permeability differences at multiple locations along the same fault

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Han Fang,
  • Shuyun Zhu,
  • Yu Xue,
  • Xiangcheng Lu

摘要

High permeability fault zones are considered to be one of the main water inrush conduits in coal mines. However, the variation of spatial permeability within the fault zone results in great uncertainty in the assessment of water inrush risk. This research focused on a thrust fault exposed by three mining working faces in the Yangcun Coal Mine. A systematic analysis of geological conditions, in situ high-pressure water injection tests, microscopic tests and theoretical analyses are conducted, and the spatial differences in the flow changes in the fault zone are revealed. The fault zone features a fault core and a fault damage zone, and the results reveal that the permeabilities of the three locations in the fault zone are lower during the initial test and increase gradually with increasing test number after repeated water injection. The depths of the two shallow test locations are approximately 370–380 m, while the depth of the deep test location reaches 385 m. The permeability of the deep test section is greater and fluctuates less compared to the shallow sections, demonstrating the anisotropic characteristics of the fault zone. Through macroscopic and microscopic analyses of faulted rock samples, the mechanism underlying the permeability differences at different fault locations is revealed. This mechanism is controlled by the development of rock fractures inside the fault and water–rock interactions, which controls the variation in permeability values derived from forward and reverse water injection tests. Overall, this study provides further understanding of fault-related water inrush processes in coal mines.