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<p>Enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) has garnered significant attention as a promising and versatile technique in the biogeotechnical field, primarily due to its resource flexibility and reduced reliance on biological complexities. However, despite its extensive application across diverse scenarios, a fundamental issue remains insufficiently explored in the relationship between soil particle morphology and treatment efficacy. This research systematically investigates the influence of particle geometry (spherical, near-spherical, and angular) and size (0.3–0.45&#xa0;mm, 0.45–0.6&#xa0;mm, 0.6–0.9&#xa0;mm, and 0.9–1&#xa0;mm) on EICP treatment effectiveness through quantitative assessment of precipitates, mechanical property evolution, and microscopic cementation mechanisms. The findings reveal that the near-spherical sand with the particle size ranging from 0.3 to 0.45&#xa0;mm exhibits superior performance in terms of calcium carbonate content and mechanical properties when compared to spherical and angular sands. Scanning electron images confirmed distinct precipitation patterns associated with variations in particle shapes. Furthermore, the evolution of precipitates in specimens of differing geometries was analyzed through the lens of contact types, with interpretations grounded in experimental data. In addition, this study discusses the effects of particle shape on mechanical performance compared in EICP and MICP processes. By addressing critical knowledge gaps concerning particle-level interactions within biocemented granular materials, this research underscores the important role of particle morphology in biotreatment techniques for geotechnical applications.</p>

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Effects of particle size and shape on strength of EICP-treated sand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Chenpeng Song,
  • Siyi Zhou,
  • Xiang He,
  • Libing Zhang,
  • Shuai Zhang

摘要

Enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) has garnered significant attention as a promising and versatile technique in the biogeotechnical field, primarily due to its resource flexibility and reduced reliance on biological complexities. However, despite its extensive application across diverse scenarios, a fundamental issue remains insufficiently explored in the relationship between soil particle morphology and treatment efficacy. This research systematically investigates the influence of particle geometry (spherical, near-spherical, and angular) and size (0.3–0.45 mm, 0.45–0.6 mm, 0.6–0.9 mm, and 0.9–1 mm) on EICP treatment effectiveness through quantitative assessment of precipitates, mechanical property evolution, and microscopic cementation mechanisms. The findings reveal that the near-spherical sand with the particle size ranging from 0.3 to 0.45 mm exhibits superior performance in terms of calcium carbonate content and mechanical properties when compared to spherical and angular sands. Scanning electron images confirmed distinct precipitation patterns associated with variations in particle shapes. Furthermore, the evolution of precipitates in specimens of differing geometries was analyzed through the lens of contact types, with interpretations grounded in experimental data. In addition, this study discusses the effects of particle shape on mechanical performance compared in EICP and MICP processes. By addressing critical knowledge gaps concerning particle-level interactions within biocemented granular materials, this research underscores the important role of particle morphology in biotreatment techniques for geotechnical applications.