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<p>Reducing wear and friction is essential in many industries. This research investigated the anti-wear and anti-friction effects of CuO nanoparticles (50 nm) in 20W50 internal combustion engine oil. A&#xa0;nano-lubricant was prepared with four different concentrations of CuO nanoparticles (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%). After checking stability using a&#xa0;Zeta Analyzer, wear and friction tests were conducted using the pin-on-disc method at ambient temperature and the four-ball test at 75 °C to evaluate anti-wear and friction performance. SEM/EDX, OM, and AFM analyses were performed on the tested components to analyze surfaces and wear. The results indicated that adding CuO nanoparticles significantly reduced wear and friction compared to pure oil. Under the specific testing conditions applied in this study, the concentration of 0.75 wt.% CuO nanoparticles resulted in the most significant reductions in wear and friction in both the pin-on-disc and four-ball tribological tests. Notably, the four-ball test showed a&#xa0;79.4% reduction in the coefficient of friction, while the pin-on-disc test exhibited a&#xa0;25.9% decrease, both compared to the base oil without additives. Furthermore, the surface analysis indicated that the combined lubrication mechanisms utilized in this research effectively reduced wear and friction. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA confirmed that the observed reductions in both friction and wear were statistically significant under the specific experimental conditions. These results highlight the promising tribological performance of the 0.75 wt.% CuO concentration, within the tested range and test parameters.</p>

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Analysis of anti-Wear and anti-Friction properties of nano copper oxide additive in internal combustion engine lubricants by Pin-on-Disc and Four-Ball methods at different temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Mohamad Bashiri,
  • Ali Qasemian,
  • Mohammad Hassan Shojaeefard,
  • Salman Ebrahiminejad,
  • Sana Ale Mohammad

摘要

Reducing wear and friction is essential in many industries. This research investigated the anti-wear and anti-friction effects of CuO nanoparticles (50 nm) in 20W50 internal combustion engine oil. A nano-lubricant was prepared with four different concentrations of CuO nanoparticles (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%). After checking stability using a Zeta Analyzer, wear and friction tests were conducted using the pin-on-disc method at ambient temperature and the four-ball test at 75 °C to evaluate anti-wear and friction performance. SEM/EDX, OM, and AFM analyses were performed on the tested components to analyze surfaces and wear. The results indicated that adding CuO nanoparticles significantly reduced wear and friction compared to pure oil. Under the specific testing conditions applied in this study, the concentration of 0.75 wt.% CuO nanoparticles resulted in the most significant reductions in wear and friction in both the pin-on-disc and four-ball tribological tests. Notably, the four-ball test showed a 79.4% reduction in the coefficient of friction, while the pin-on-disc test exhibited a 25.9% decrease, both compared to the base oil without additives. Furthermore, the surface analysis indicated that the combined lubrication mechanisms utilized in this research effectively reduced wear and friction. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA confirmed that the observed reductions in both friction and wear were statistically significant under the specific experimental conditions. These results highlight the promising tribological performance of the 0.75 wt.% CuO concentration, within the tested range and test parameters.