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<p>To address the limitations of TiO<sub>2</sub> as promising material that can provide photocathodic protection (PCP) for metals, a novel technique of photo-assisted electrochemical doping (PED) is developed to prepare Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>. Introducing light irradiation during electrochemical doping at an appropriate voltage leads to higher incorporation of sodium into TiO<sub>2</sub>, as well as the generation of more oxygen vacancies and Ti<sup>3+</sup> defects. These changes result in a narrower bandgap, enhanced photogenerated electron-hole separation, and faster electron transfer, ultimately improving the PCP performance of the materials. The mechanism of PED has been analyzed. The Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> prepared via PED at the optimal voltage of -1.4&#xa0;V vs. SCE exhibits a photocurrent density of 180 µA/cm<sup>2</sup> and an open-circuit potential of -0.408&#xa0;V when coupled with 316 stainless steel (316 SS) in simulated seawater without a hole scavenger. These values provide more effective cathodic protection for 316 SS than those obtained with pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> or with Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> prepared via conventional electrochemical doping in the absence of light. This work offers a facile and effective strategy to improve the doping reaction efficiency for preparing Na-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> through electrochemistry method.</p>

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A photo-assisted electrochemical doping method for preparing Na-doped TiO2 with enhanced photocathodic protection performance in simulated seawater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Yuancheng Hou,
  • Ming Li,
  • Yingjia Wang,
  • Qingqing Song

摘要

To address the limitations of TiO2 as promising material that can provide photocathodic protection (PCP) for metals, a novel technique of photo-assisted electrochemical doping (PED) is developed to prepare Na-doped TiO2. Introducing light irradiation during electrochemical doping at an appropriate voltage leads to higher incorporation of sodium into TiO2, as well as the generation of more oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ defects. These changes result in a narrower bandgap, enhanced photogenerated electron-hole separation, and faster electron transfer, ultimately improving the PCP performance of the materials. The mechanism of PED has been analyzed. The Na-doped TiO2 prepared via PED at the optimal voltage of -1.4 V vs. SCE exhibits a photocurrent density of 180 µA/cm2 and an open-circuit potential of -0.408 V when coupled with 316 stainless steel (316 SS) in simulated seawater without a hole scavenger. These values provide more effective cathodic protection for 316 SS than those obtained with pristine TiO2 or with Na-doped TiO2 prepared via conventional electrochemical doping in the absence of light. This work offers a facile and effective strategy to improve the doping reaction efficiency for preparing Na-doped TiO2 through electrochemistry method.