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<p>MXenes, a class of 2D nanomaterial comprising transition metal carbides and nitrides, a promising material pertains to be effective for energy storage as it exhibits characteristics like high conductivity, tuneable surface chemistry, and layered morphology. This study investigates the influence of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration during synthesis of MXenes from MAX phase. MXene synthesis was carried out under the controlled experimental variables like avoiding ultrasonic treatment and temperature variation, in order to examine the influence of etchant concentration. Correlating their morphological behaviour with electrochemical performance as MXene may be a suitable candidate for future energy storage materials. Among the yielded samples, 30% HF etched sample dictates the highest electrochemical performance at low scan rates (201 F/g at 2&#xa0;mV/s), attributed to efficient ion diffusion kinetics and stable layered structure for energy storage. At higher scan rate, the constraint in ion diffusion and electronic transport is observed under rapid charge discharge process. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates a concentration dependent trade-off between structural integrity and storage capability. This study highlights the importance of tailoring etchant concentration to optimize MXene synthesis for application in energy storage.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of etchant concentration on MXene synthesis based on morphological and electro-chemical characterizations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Sanjeeb Pradhan,
  • Himangshu Pal,
  • Amalendu Das,
  • Somenath Chatterjee

摘要

MXenes, a class of 2D nanomaterial comprising transition metal carbides and nitrides, a promising material pertains to be effective for energy storage as it exhibits characteristics like high conductivity, tuneable surface chemistry, and layered morphology. This study investigates the influence of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration during synthesis of MXenes from MAX phase. MXene synthesis was carried out under the controlled experimental variables like avoiding ultrasonic treatment and temperature variation, in order to examine the influence of etchant concentration. Correlating their morphological behaviour with electrochemical performance as MXene may be a suitable candidate for future energy storage materials. Among the yielded samples, 30% HF etched sample dictates the highest electrochemical performance at low scan rates (201 F/g at 2 mV/s), attributed to efficient ion diffusion kinetics and stable layered structure for energy storage. At higher scan rate, the constraint in ion diffusion and electronic transport is observed under rapid charge discharge process. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates a concentration dependent trade-off between structural integrity and storage capability. This study highlights the importance of tailoring etchant concentration to optimize MXene synthesis for application in energy storage.

Graphical Abstract