Electrodeposition of rare-earth element-containing coatings from deep eutectic solvents: a review
摘要
This review summarizes and critically analyzes recent advances in the electrodeposition of rare-earth element (REE)-containing coatings from deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Particular attention is paid to the electrochemical behavior of REE species in DES-based solutions, mechanisms of alloy and composite formation, and the influence of deposition parameters on the structure and properties of the resulting coatings. Reported systems include Ni-, Co-, Fe-, Zn-, and Pt-based matrices incorporating La, Ce, Nd, or Sm, as well as REE-containing magnetic alloys and electrocatalytically active materials. The review highlights that DESs provide a versatile platform for tailoring composition, microstructure, and phase constitution, enabling the formation of nanocrystalline, amorphous, and composite deposits with enhanced corrosion resistance, electrocatalytic performance, and, in some cases, magnetic functionality. At the same time, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding REE speciation in DESs, the exact chemical state of REEs in deposits, deposition kinetics, and anomalous codeposition mechanisms. The limited range of REEs systematically investigated and the scarcity of comprehensive structure vs. property correlations indicate that this field is still in its early stage of development. Future research directions are outlined, emphasizing mechanistic studies, systematic exploration of the full REE family, and the optimization of multifunctional coatings for energy, catalytic, and protective applications.
Graphical Abstract