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<p>The marine environment represents a classical system for microbiologically influenced corrosion, in which a diversity of microorganisms, typically growing as biofilms, have been implicated in corrosion processes. Marine infrastructure and equipment are continuously challenged by microbiologically influenced corrosion and biofouling. Facing the environmental concerns and inefficiencies associated with conventional antifouling coatings, this study focused on eco-friendly zinc oxide (ZnO)-based coatings. A novel Zn/ZnO coating was fabricated on carbon steel substrates through electrodeposition, incorporating indole, a natural small molecule used as an electroplating additive. This innovative strategy effectively regulated the growth of ZnO nanopillar architectures. An optimal indole concentration of 1.0&#xa0;g L<sup>− 1</sup> was confirmed to yield well-ordered, uniform, needle-like nanopillar arrays. By antibacterial tests, the bacterial coverage against <i>E. coli</i> showed a dramatic reduction from 1.60% to 0.01%. Furthermore, by electrochemical tests in <i>Sulfate-reducing bacteria</i>, the sample with 1.0&#xa0;g L<sup>− 1</sup> added indole, designated IZ-1.0, exhibited the highest charge transfer resistance, the most positive corrosion potential, and a significantly reduced corrosion current density among all coatings. The corrosion potential of IZ-1.0 shifted nobly by 320 mV relative to the blank group. Bacterial adhesion was hindered by the nanopillar morphology of IZ-1.0, resulting in suppressed formation of corrosion products and biofilms. Consequently, coating corrosion of IZ-1.0 was significantly reduced. This study provides a novel strategy for marine anticorrosion and antifouling coatings with high performances.</p> Graphical Abstract <p> An innovative strategy was developed to regulate the electrodeposition process through the incorporation of indole molecules. This approach enabled the fabrication of zinc-based coatings featuring needle-like nanopillar morphology, which simultaneously delivered high antibacterial efficiency and corrosion resistance.</p> <p></p>

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One-step electrodeposition of indole-assisted Zn/ZnO nanopillar coatings for marine anticorrosion and antifouling applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Xiaoyue Yang,
  • Xiaofan Zhai,
  • Jing Yang,
  • Shiqi Zhang,
  • Fang Li,
  • Jizhou Duan,
  • Baorong Hou

摘要

The marine environment represents a classical system for microbiologically influenced corrosion, in which a diversity of microorganisms, typically growing as biofilms, have been implicated in corrosion processes. Marine infrastructure and equipment are continuously challenged by microbiologically influenced corrosion and biofouling. Facing the environmental concerns and inefficiencies associated with conventional antifouling coatings, this study focused on eco-friendly zinc oxide (ZnO)-based coatings. A novel Zn/ZnO coating was fabricated on carbon steel substrates through electrodeposition, incorporating indole, a natural small molecule used as an electroplating additive. This innovative strategy effectively regulated the growth of ZnO nanopillar architectures. An optimal indole concentration of 1.0 g L− 1 was confirmed to yield well-ordered, uniform, needle-like nanopillar arrays. By antibacterial tests, the bacterial coverage against E. coli showed a dramatic reduction from 1.60% to 0.01%. Furthermore, by electrochemical tests in Sulfate-reducing bacteria, the sample with 1.0 g L− 1 added indole, designated IZ-1.0, exhibited the highest charge transfer resistance, the most positive corrosion potential, and a significantly reduced corrosion current density among all coatings. The corrosion potential of IZ-1.0 shifted nobly by 320 mV relative to the blank group. Bacterial adhesion was hindered by the nanopillar morphology of IZ-1.0, resulting in suppressed formation of corrosion products and biofilms. Consequently, coating corrosion of IZ-1.0 was significantly reduced. This study provides a novel strategy for marine anticorrosion and antifouling coatings with high performances.

Graphical Abstract

An innovative strategy was developed to regulate the electrodeposition process through the incorporation of indole molecules. This approach enabled the fabrication of zinc-based coatings featuring needle-like nanopillar morphology, which simultaneously delivered high antibacterial efficiency and corrosion resistance.