Inkjet-printed Pt/C materials on CuS photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
摘要
Copper(II) sulphide (CuS) exhibits suitable optical properties for photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 generation, a non-polluting energy carrier; however, the PEC performance of this material is still unsatisfactory. In this work, we aimed to improve PEC H2 generation via modifying the surface of CuS films with Pt/C materials deposited using a low-cost commercial inkjet printer (a conventional desktop printer). The inkjet deposition approach enabled deposition of ultra-low Pt loadings (range of 0.00036–0.0096 mg Pt cm−2), representing high Pt utilisation. The presence of Pt/C on CuS films delivered a considerable cathodic photocurrent density of (−3.17 ± 0.56) mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is 7.93 times higher than that of the bare CuS film. Additionally, a positive onset potential under illumination for the HER was observed for the CuS-Pt/C films (up to approximately 0.025 V vs. RHE) compared to that of the bare CuS film (ca. −0.013 V vs. RHE), indicating co-catalytic contribution of the Pt in the Pt/C materials for the improvement of the HER. Electrochemical impedance measurements revealed a 2.1-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance of CuS-Pt/C films compared to bare CuS films. This indicates that the enhanced PEC H2 generation is associated with the facilitation of photogenerated electrons transfer at the photocathode|electrolyte interface for the occurrence of the HER. In terms of PEC stability, the cathodic photocurrent density of the CuS-Pt/C film at −0.04 V vs. RHE remained steady for 20 min during the PEC experiment; however, a considerable decrease was observed for longer times, which is attributed to the photoelectrochemical decomposition of CuS. A similar stability trend was observed for the amount of H2 generated by the CuS-Pt/C film at −0.04 V vs. RHE under illumination.
Graphical abstract