Study on electrodeposition production process at low nickel concentration and application of additives
摘要
To address the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, and high cost of Ni2+ recovery process at low concentration, the current efficiency was enhanced, and energy consumption was reduced through process optimization, while the quality and purity of nickel deposits were improved. By systematically optimizing key parameters such as electrolysis duration, current density, Ni2+ concentration, electrolysis temperature, and electrode plate spacing, the optimal electrolysis conditions were determined using regression analysis to quantify the effects of each factor on energy consumption and current efficiency. The optimal electrolysis conditions were obtained: electrolysis duration of 3 h, current density of 100 A/m2, Ni2+ concentration of 12.5 g/L, temperature of 40 ℃, and pole-plate spacing of 4 cm, under which the current efficiency was maximized and the energy consumption was reduced by about 31% compared with that of conventional membrane electrolysis. The additives cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and acrylthiourea (ATU) were further introduced to optimize the quality of the nickel deposited products, and ultimately, α-type nickel with smooth surface, uniform grain size, and purity higher than 99% was obtained. This study significantly improves the energy efficiency of Ni2+ recovery at low concentrations, provides an optimized process solution for the efficient recovery of nickel from industrial wastewater or dilute solutions, and lays a technical foundation for the preparation of high-purity nickel materials.