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<p>Accurate detection of dopamine (DA) is vital for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders, but developing electrochemical sensors that combine high sensitivity, selectivity, and scalability remains a persistent challenge. We report a molten salt–assisted synthesis strategy for engineering nickel–iron oxide (NiFeO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) nanostructures tailored for non-enzymatic dopamine detection. By employing KNO<sub>3</sub> and KOH as molten salt fluxes, we successfully transformed hydrothermally prepared Ni<sub>0.75</sub>Fe<sub>0.25</sub>OOH precursors into hierarchical nanoflowers and nanosheets, respectively. Structural and surface characterizations confirmed that molten salt treatment significantly enhanced porosity, electroactive surface area, and charge transfer characteristics. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the KNO<sub>3</sub>-derived NiFeO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanoflowers delivered excellent sensing performance, achieving a sensitivity of 1.72 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;μM<sup>−1</sup>, a detection limit of 1.4&#xa0;μM, and a quantification limit of 5.68&#xa0;μM. The sensor also demonstrated high selectivity against common interferents (ascorbic acid, glucose, uric acid) and reliable performance in real sample analysis with 97.6–103.5% recovery and 1.7–2.5% RSD. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of molten salt synthesis as a scalable route for tuning NiFeO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanoarchitectures and optimizing their electrochemical functionality.</p>

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Tailoring NiFeOx nanostructures with molten salts synthesis for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of dopamine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月27日

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  • Angga Hermawan,
  • Anggita Putri Yasin,
  • Evan Fajri Mulia Harahap,
  • Ni Luh Wulan Septiani,
  • Andri Hardiansyah,
  • Jayadi,
  • Mehmood Shahid,
  • Muhammad Salman Al Farisi,
  • Brian Yuliarto

摘要

Accurate detection of dopamine (DA) is vital for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders, but developing electrochemical sensors that combine high sensitivity, selectivity, and scalability remains a persistent challenge. We report a molten salt–assisted synthesis strategy for engineering nickel–iron oxide (NiFeOx) nanostructures tailored for non-enzymatic dopamine detection. By employing KNO3 and KOH as molten salt fluxes, we successfully transformed hydrothermally prepared Ni0.75Fe0.25OOH precursors into hierarchical nanoflowers and nanosheets, respectively. Structural and surface characterizations confirmed that molten salt treatment significantly enhanced porosity, electroactive surface area, and charge transfer characteristics. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the KNO3-derived NiFeOx nanoflowers delivered excellent sensing performance, achieving a sensitivity of 1.72 μA cm−2 μM−1, a detection limit of 1.4 μM, and a quantification limit of 5.68 μM. The sensor also demonstrated high selectivity against common interferents (ascorbic acid, glucose, uric acid) and reliable performance in real sample analysis with 97.6–103.5% recovery and 1.7–2.5% RSD. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of molten salt synthesis as a scalable route for tuning NiFeOx nanoarchitectures and optimizing their electrochemical functionality.