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<p>This study investigated the preparation of pure gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using laser ablation, highlighting how modification of acidic and alkaline pH improve nanoparticle stability and electrochemical sensing efficacy. The sensing performance of an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) pH sensor utilizing AuNPs was investigated in different buffer solutions within a pH range of 3 to 11, illustrating the impact of acidity and basicity on transfer characteristics. Adjusting the pH conditions resulted in AuNPs exhibiting enhanced structural stability and uniform shape. Thorough characterization, including ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Fourier transform infrared&#xa0;(FTIR) spectroscopy investigations, revealed that pH substantially influences surface chemistry and colloidal stability. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) investigations conducted at pH = 7 elucidated the shape and elemental content of the nanoparticles. UV–Vis spectroscopy was utilized to examine the optical characteristics and stability of the AuNPs synthesized at different pH levels, demonstrating the impact of pH variations on their bioreduction and stability. Stability evaluations, denoted by coefficient of variation (CV) metrics, demonstrated enhanced performance, with CV values of 6.6%, 7.02%, and 3.8% for pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10, respectively. The findings highlight the considerable influence of pH on the properties of gold nanoparticles and reinforce the importance of pH-controlled synthesis for the production of stable, high-performance AuNP-based sensors. Storing gold nanoparticles at a mildly acidic pH of approximately 6 ensures stability and reduces aggregation, thereby maintaining their optical and functional properties for future applications and offering insights into optimizing EGFET sensor designs for improved sensitivity and stability.</p>

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pH-dependent synthesis and electrochemical performance of laser-ablated gold nanoparticles for enhanced pH sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Shaida Anwer Kakil,
  • Hersh Ahmed Khizir,
  • Nasih Hama Salah

摘要

This study investigated the preparation of pure gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using laser ablation, highlighting how modification of acidic and alkaline pH improve nanoparticle stability and electrochemical sensing efficacy. The sensing performance of an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) pH sensor utilizing AuNPs was investigated in different buffer solutions within a pH range of 3 to 11, illustrating the impact of acidity and basicity on transfer characteristics. Adjusting the pH conditions resulted in AuNPs exhibiting enhanced structural stability and uniform shape. Thorough characterization, including ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigations, revealed that pH substantially influences surface chemistry and colloidal stability. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) investigations conducted at pH = 7 elucidated the shape and elemental content of the nanoparticles. UV–Vis spectroscopy was utilized to examine the optical characteristics and stability of the AuNPs synthesized at different pH levels, demonstrating the impact of pH variations on their bioreduction and stability. Stability evaluations, denoted by coefficient of variation (CV) metrics, demonstrated enhanced performance, with CV values of 6.6%, 7.02%, and 3.8% for pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10, respectively. The findings highlight the considerable influence of pH on the properties of gold nanoparticles and reinforce the importance of pH-controlled synthesis for the production of stable, high-performance AuNP-based sensors. Storing gold nanoparticles at a mildly acidic pH of approximately 6 ensures stability and reduces aggregation, thereby maintaining their optical and functional properties for future applications and offering insights into optimizing EGFET sensor designs for improved sensitivity and stability.