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<p>This study designed and fabricated the pouch-type lithium-ion battery capacitors (LIBCs) based on niobium pentoxide (Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) as anode, and a composite cathode mixing activated carbon (AC) and LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM), probing and showing the electrochemical performances of the simple modulation on the anode/cathode mass match (N/P ratio). It was discovered that this kind of LIBCs could combinate the characteristics of capacitor, battery, and pseudocapacitor. LIBC with the N/P ratio of 0.8 exhibited the most trend of capacitive feature with the maximum <i>b</i>-value of 0.7446 in cyclic voltammograms and displayed the best electrochemical performances for suitable voltage window among all LIBCs. Besides the highest voltage retention of 93.34% in self-discharge behavior, the good C-rate performance makes the energy retention of 83.02% at 10 C and 72.20% at 30 C, and provides the energy density of 97.81 Wh/kg at 96.94 W/kg and even provides a value of 70.54 Wh/kg at 2875.82 W/kg (based on the mass of active materials). The best temperature adaptability makes the minimum change rate of resistance (129.8%), the maximum retention of capacity (88.1%) and energy (87.6%) after rested in the high temperature of 60&#xa0;°C for 30&#xa0;days, and the effective output at the temperature of 55&#xa0;°C, 25&#xa0;°C, 0&#xa0;°C, − 10&#xa0;°C, and − 20&#xa0;°C. The best long-time cycle performance makes the highest discharge capacity retention of 80.2% after 5500 cycles, and it is demonstrated that the main degradation mechanism should be attribute to loss of active material and loss of lithium inventory rather than the increase of internal resistance according to the incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).</p>

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Probing the electrochemical performances of lithium-ion battery capacitors using (AC + LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2) cathode and Nb2O5 anode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Zhongxun An,
  • Zhongzhu Liu,
  • Lingling Fan

摘要

This study designed and fabricated the pouch-type lithium-ion battery capacitors (LIBCs) based on niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) as anode, and a composite cathode mixing activated carbon (AC) and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM), probing and showing the electrochemical performances of the simple modulation on the anode/cathode mass match (N/P ratio). It was discovered that this kind of LIBCs could combinate the characteristics of capacitor, battery, and pseudocapacitor. LIBC with the N/P ratio of 0.8 exhibited the most trend of capacitive feature with the maximum b-value of 0.7446 in cyclic voltammograms and displayed the best electrochemical performances for suitable voltage window among all LIBCs. Besides the highest voltage retention of 93.34% in self-discharge behavior, the good C-rate performance makes the energy retention of 83.02% at 10 C and 72.20% at 30 C, and provides the energy density of 97.81 Wh/kg at 96.94 W/kg and even provides a value of 70.54 Wh/kg at 2875.82 W/kg (based on the mass of active materials). The best temperature adaptability makes the minimum change rate of resistance (129.8%), the maximum retention of capacity (88.1%) and energy (87.6%) after rested in the high temperature of 60 °C for 30 days, and the effective output at the temperature of 55 °C, 25 °C, 0 °C, − 10 °C, and − 20 °C. The best long-time cycle performance makes the highest discharge capacity retention of 80.2% after 5500 cycles, and it is demonstrated that the main degradation mechanism should be attribute to loss of active material and loss of lithium inventory rather than the increase of internal resistance according to the incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).