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<p>The sponge-like hydrogenated titania nanotubes (S-TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs) modified with M13 bacteriophages were investigated for bacterial detection. The electrodes used in this study were fabricated via anodisation and calcination in a hydrogen atmosphere. Electrochemical methods were used to study the capacitive and Faradaic currents of the S-TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs electrodes in varying concentrations of M13 phage lysate immobilised through physisorption. Moreover, measurements over time, at 37&#xa0;°C and in human serum, were performed to evaluate the stability of the phage-modified electrodes. The obtained results demonstrated that the phages were successfully adsorbed on the electrode surface, which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the S-TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs with wild-type M13 phage were used to detect <i>E. coli</i> bacteria. The limit of detection (LOD) for the electrode was LOD = 3 cells/mL, and the linear range was 10–10<sup>4</sup> cells/mL. The results demonstrate that S-TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs electrodes are promising immobilisation platforms for M13 phage.</p>

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Characterisation and application of electrodes with hydrogenated titania nanotubes modified with M13 bacteriophages

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Anna Karbarz,
  • Wiktoria Lipińska,
  • Martin Jönsson-Niedziółka,
  • Katarzyna Siuzdak,
  • Katarzyna Szot-Karpińska

摘要

The sponge-like hydrogenated titania nanotubes (S-TiO2-NTs) modified with M13 bacteriophages were investigated for bacterial detection. The electrodes used in this study were fabricated via anodisation and calcination in a hydrogen atmosphere. Electrochemical methods were used to study the capacitive and Faradaic currents of the S-TiO2-NTs electrodes in varying concentrations of M13 phage lysate immobilised through physisorption. Moreover, measurements over time, at 37 °C and in human serum, were performed to evaluate the stability of the phage-modified electrodes. The obtained results demonstrated that the phages were successfully adsorbed on the electrode surface, which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the S-TiO2-NTs with wild-type M13 phage were used to detect E. coli bacteria. The limit of detection (LOD) for the electrode was LOD = 3 cells/mL, and the linear range was 10–104 cells/mL. The results demonstrate that S-TiO2-NTs electrodes are promising immobilisation platforms for M13 phage.