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<p>This study investigates the effects of switching potential and switching time on the optical performance of electrochromic devices (ECDs). Full-cell ECDs were assembled into sandwich-type cells, with nickel hydroxide (NiO<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub>) as the anodic and tungsten oxide (WO₃) as the cathodic layers. A conductive layer of 0.5&#xa0;M lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate was used, with all layers positioned between fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass. NiO<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub> and WO₃ thin films were deposited via reactive direct current magnetron sputtering under optimized conditions. The optical performance was evaluated under switching potentials (± 0.5 to ± 2.5&#xa0;V) and switching times (5 to 35&#xa0;s). Optimal switching conditions were achieved at ± 2.0&#xa0;V and 30&#xa0;s, yielding a visible transmittance change (Δ%T<sub>vis</sub>) of 63.2%, a transmittance change at 550&#xa0;nm (Δ%T<sub>550</sub>) of 65.6%, a contrast ratio of 7.02, and an optical density change of 0.85. Under these conditions, either or both NiO<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub> and WO₃ layers approached saturation, with nearly all sites occupied by the injected Li⁺ ions. They also exhibited excellent optical memory, with %T<sub>550</sub> increasing by only 2.9% over 6,200&#xa0;s. Stable performance was observed at ± 1.5&#xa0;V and 20&#xa0;s, with Δ%T<sub>550</sub> maintained between 44 and 49% for over 12,600&#xa0;s. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing switching potential and time for enhanced ECD performance. The results are particularly relevant for smart windows, energy-efficient buildings, and automotive glass. Fast switching reduces glare in windshields, improving driving safety, while moderate switching in buildings enhances energy efficiency and occupant comfort.</p>

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Impact of switching potential and time on the optical performance of Nickel/Tungsten oxide-based electrochromic devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月20日

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  • Jarinya Yosthisud,
  • Piyapong Asanithi,
  • Pattana Rakkwamsuk,
  • Chumphon Luangchaisri

摘要

This study investigates the effects of switching potential and switching time on the optical performance of electrochromic devices (ECDs). Full-cell ECDs were assembled into sandwich-type cells, with nickel hydroxide (NiOxHy) as the anodic and tungsten oxide (WO₃) as the cathodic layers. A conductive layer of 0.5 M lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate was used, with all layers positioned between fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass. NiOxHy and WO₃ thin films were deposited via reactive direct current magnetron sputtering under optimized conditions. The optical performance was evaluated under switching potentials (± 0.5 to ± 2.5 V) and switching times (5 to 35 s). Optimal switching conditions were achieved at ± 2.0 V and 30 s, yielding a visible transmittance change (Δ%Tvis) of 63.2%, a transmittance change at 550 nm (Δ%T550) of 65.6%, a contrast ratio of 7.02, and an optical density change of 0.85. Under these conditions, either or both NiOxHy and WO₃ layers approached saturation, with nearly all sites occupied by the injected Li⁺ ions. They also exhibited excellent optical memory, with %T550 increasing by only 2.9% over 6,200 s. Stable performance was observed at ± 1.5 V and 20 s, with Δ%T550 maintained between 44 and 49% for over 12,600 s. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing switching potential and time for enhanced ECD performance. The results are particularly relevant for smart windows, energy-efficient buildings, and automotive glass. Fast switching reduces glare in windshields, improving driving safety, while moderate switching in buildings enhances energy efficiency and occupant comfort.