Fabrication of MWCNT-nickel MOF modified glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of levofloxacin

In this research, the aim is to develop MWCNT@Ni-BTC metal–organic framework–modified glassy carbon electrodes for the preparation of a simple electrochemical method to measure levofloxacin. The composite modifier was synthesized via the one-step solvothermal method. The electrode surface modifiers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR. The concurrent application of these two particles notably enhances levofloxacin oxidation current (3.2 times), facilitating its measurement at trace levels. The oxidation current on the modified electrode was controlled by diffusion, and the diffusion coefficient of levofloxacin was determined to be 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹. The proposed method had a linear dynamic range from 2.0 to 100.0 µmol L⁻¹ of levofloxacin and a detection limit of 0.2 µmol L⁻¹. The relative standard deviation for measuring 20.0 µmol L⁻¹ of levofloxacin was obtained at 2.8% (n = 6), and less than a 5% decrease in oxidation current was observed within 15 days. The modified electrodes were successfully utilized for the determination of levofloxacin in urine samples.