Multiple comparisons of acetylene black–based rigid composite electrodes: comprehensive evaluation of chemical properties and electrochemical sensing potentialities

We report the comparison of multiple acetylene black (AB) rigid carbon composites for electrochemical purposes exploring several binders, including one (polyurethane) from a renewable source of castor oil. The acetylene black–based composites presented less roughness and increased surface homogeneity evinced by AFM and SEM images within the micrometer range. Contact angle analysis and Raman spectra confirmed a high degree of surface functionalization associated with structural defects on AB even when the base conductive material is associated with a non-conductive binder. The acetylene black-castor oil electrode presented superior performance (lower resistance to charge transfer and increased peak currents) when compared to its graphite counterparts regardless of the mechanical activation. The proposed electrode presented an excellent electrochemical performance in analyzing contaminants of emerging concern when compared to glassy carbon electrodes. The sustainable aspect of this work is evinced considering the room temperature synthesis, low cost of the AB, and renewable castor oil binder source.