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<p>This study examined associations between adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and adult mental health within a cohort of school students who answered questionnaires in 2007 (T1: <i>N</i> = 992, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 13.7, 50.1% girls) and 2008 (T2: <i>N</i> = 987, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 14.9, 50.9% girls), with follow-ups in 2017 (T3: <i>N</i> = 557, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 25.3, 58.7% women) and 2023 (T4: <i>N</i> = 386, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 29.9, 63.0% women). Attrition was accounted for with sample weighting and mixed modelling, and robust estimates balance for residual non-normality. Significant declines in any NSSI (≥ 1 instance) and repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 instances) were observed between T2–T3 (any NSSI: 43–19%; repetitive NSSI: 21–10%; <i>p</i> &lt;.001), but not T3–T4 (any NSSI: 19% to around 14%; repetitive NSSI: 10–5%; <i>p</i> ≥.078). Compared to reporting <i>no NSSI</i> in adolescence, <i>stable repetitive NSSI</i> (≥ 5 instances at T1 and T2), <i>unstable repetitive NSSI</i> (≥ 5 instances at T1 or T2), and <i>infrequent NSSI</i> (1–4 instances at T1 and/or T2) were significantly associated with any NSSI engagement (<i>OR</i> = 2.63–6.67) and elevated depression, anxiety, and stress levels at T3/T4 (<i>β</i><sub>robust</sub> = 0.14–0.39), while controlling for gender and adolescent psychological difficulties. For <i>stable repetitive NSSI</i>, this applied to emotion dysregulation as well (<i>β</i><sub>robust</sub> = 0.44). Additionally, <i>stable/unstable repetitive NSSI</i> was significantly associated with lower well-being when not controlling for gender and psychological difficulties (<i>β</i><sub>robust</sub> =–0.32−-0.41). The findings indicate that adolescent NSSI, especially when repetitive and stable, predicts poorer health across the first decade of adulthood.</p>

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Predicting adult mental health from non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: a prospective study spanning 2007–2023

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Benjamin Claréus,
  • Margit Wångby-Lundh,
  • Lars-Gunnar Lundh,
  • Gustaf Rådman,
  • Jonas Bjärehed,
  • Daiva Daukantaitė

摘要

This study examined associations between adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and adult mental health within a cohort of school students who answered questionnaires in 2007 (T1: N = 992, Mage = 13.7, 50.1% girls) and 2008 (T2: N = 987, Mage = 14.9, 50.9% girls), with follow-ups in 2017 (T3: N = 557, Mage = 25.3, 58.7% women) and 2023 (T4: N = 386, Mage = 29.9, 63.0% women). Attrition was accounted for with sample weighting and mixed modelling, and robust estimates balance for residual non-normality. Significant declines in any NSSI (≥ 1 instance) and repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 instances) were observed between T2–T3 (any NSSI: 43–19%; repetitive NSSI: 21–10%; p <.001), but not T3–T4 (any NSSI: 19% to around 14%; repetitive NSSI: 10–5%; p ≥.078). Compared to reporting no NSSI in adolescence, stable repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 instances at T1 and T2), unstable repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 instances at T1 or T2), and infrequent NSSI (1–4 instances at T1 and/or T2) were significantly associated with any NSSI engagement (OR = 2.63–6.67) and elevated depression, anxiety, and stress levels at T3/T4 (βrobust = 0.14–0.39), while controlling for gender and adolescent psychological difficulties. For stable repetitive NSSI, this applied to emotion dysregulation as well (βrobust = 0.44). Additionally, stable/unstable repetitive NSSI was significantly associated with lower well-being when not controlling for gender and psychological difficulties (βrobust =–0.32−-0.41). The findings indicate that adolescent NSSI, especially when repetitive and stable, predicts poorer health across the first decade of adulthood.