Background <p>Up to 15% of patients experience surgical wound complications following surgery. This is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It impairs the quality of life of those affected, leading to prolonged hospital stays, readmissions and an increased risk of nosocomial infections and pressure ulcers. Approximately half of surgical wound complications occur after discharge in an outpatient setting.</p> Aim <p>The essential classification, risk factors, diagnostics, treatment and preventive strategies for surgical wound complications are systematically and concisely presented.</p> Methods <p>This article is based on a&#xa0;review of current guidelines, consensus documents, established scores and relevant epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive studies.</p> Results <p>The incidence of surgical wound complications is largely determined by the specific operative procedure performed. The main risk factors are advanced age, diabetes, obesity, a&#xa0;long operating time and inadequate postoperative care. Deep or organ-related infections can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Classification systems, such as the CDC SSI grading system enable standardized recording for the early diagnosis of complications and the initiation of appropriate treatment. Patient education has been shown to improve postoperative outcomes.</p> Conclusion <p>Surgical wound complications are frequent but can often be prevented. A&#xa0;structured risk assessment approach, evidence-based prevention strategies and consistent patient involvement (shared care) are essential for reducing complications and improving outcomes.</p>