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Background <p>Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy worldwide, with increasing incidence [<CitationRef CitationID="CR15">15</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR16">16</CitationRef>]. Advances in molecular oncology, particularly elucidation of the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, and the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors [<CitationRef CitationID="CR9">9</CitationRef>] have led to new therapeutic options.</p> Objective <p>To provide a description of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of BCC as well as current surgical, locally ablative conservative, and systemic treatment.</p> Materials and Methods <p>This article comprises a selective literature review focusing on guidelines, clinical trials, and molecular insights.</p> Results <p>The pathogenesis of BCC is dominated by UV-induced mutations and constitutive activation of the HH pathway [<CitationRef CitationID="CR10">10</CitationRef>]. Histologically controlled surgical excision is the gold standard of primary treatment [<CitationRef CitationID="CR4">4</CitationRef>]. Local noninvasive methods are suitable for superficial BCC in particular. In locally advanced or metastatic disease, HH inhibitors and PD1 immunotherapy are key options.</p> Conclusion <p>Modern BCC management relies on risk-stratified and personalized approaches, with precision medicine improving the prognosis and quality of life [<CitationRef CitationID="CR22">22</CitationRef>].</p>

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Basalzellkarzinom – Pathogenese, Diagnostik und moderne Therapieoptionen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Greta Therese Drews,
  • Selma Ugurel

摘要

Background

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy worldwide, with increasing incidence [15, 16]. Advances in molecular oncology, particularly elucidation of the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, and the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors [9] have led to new therapeutic options.

Objective

To provide a description of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of BCC as well as current surgical, locally ablative conservative, and systemic treatment.

Materials and Methods

This article comprises a selective literature review focusing on guidelines, clinical trials, and molecular insights.

Results

The pathogenesis of BCC is dominated by UV-induced mutations and constitutive activation of the HH pathway [10]. Histologically controlled surgical excision is the gold standard of primary treatment [4]. Local noninvasive methods are suitable for superficial BCC in particular. In locally advanced or metastatic disease, HH inhibitors and PD1 immunotherapy are key options.

Conclusion

Modern BCC management relies on risk-stratified and personalized approaches, with precision medicine improving the prognosis and quality of life [22].