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<p>In advanced melanoma, systemic therapy with checkpoint inhibitors (PD‑1 blockers nivolumab and pembrolizumab, CTLA‑4 blocker ipilimumab) is an established standard in the adjuvant situation (stage&#xa0;IIb and higher) as well as in the inoperable advanced situation. In addition, there are data from randomized controlled clinical trials showing that neoadjuvant or perioperative checkpoint inhibitor therapy is also beneficial before surgical removal of macrometastases, although this approach has not yet been approved. For patients suffering from <i>BRAF</i>-V600-mutated tumors, BRAF-targeted therapy is also an option. Three combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors are registered: dabrafenib + trametinib, encorafenib + binimetinib, and vemurafenib + cobimetinib. In stage&#xa0;III, dabrafenib + trametinib is also approved for adjuvant treatment. New combinations based on a&#xa0;PD‑1 inhibitor plus a&#xa0;new drug are currently under development in phase&#xa0;III studies, in particular the combination of PD‑1 inhibitor and LAG3 inhibitor as well as PD‑1 inhibitor and neoantigen-specific mRNAs, bispecific molecules, and cellular therapies. This review summarizes the current landscape of melanoma treatment and future developments.</p>

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Aktuelle Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Melanoms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Ralf Gutzmer,
  • Yenny Angela,
  • Mareike Alter

摘要

In advanced melanoma, systemic therapy with checkpoint inhibitors (PD‑1 blockers nivolumab and pembrolizumab, CTLA‑4 blocker ipilimumab) is an established standard in the adjuvant situation (stage IIb and higher) as well as in the inoperable advanced situation. In addition, there are data from randomized controlled clinical trials showing that neoadjuvant or perioperative checkpoint inhibitor therapy is also beneficial before surgical removal of macrometastases, although this approach has not yet been approved. For patients suffering from BRAF-V600-mutated tumors, BRAF-targeted therapy is also an option. Three combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors are registered: dabrafenib + trametinib, encorafenib + binimetinib, and vemurafenib + cobimetinib. In stage III, dabrafenib + trametinib is also approved for adjuvant treatment. New combinations based on a PD‑1 inhibitor plus a new drug are currently under development in phase III studies, in particular the combination of PD‑1 inhibitor and LAG3 inhibitor as well as PD‑1 inhibitor and neoantigen-specific mRNAs, bispecific molecules, and cellular therapies. This review summarizes the current landscape of melanoma treatment and future developments.