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<p>The influence of sex and gender on tumor biology and treatment is increasingly acknowledged. Biological sex (XX vs. XY) affects not only sex-related tumors (e.g., breast and prostate cancer) but also cancers outside of the reproductive organs. Colorectal cancer risk and location depend on hormones and sex, while genetic risk factors in hematologic malignancies vary by sex. Despite increasing numbers of analyses, most findings remain descriptive or retrospective, with few prospective studies. Gender, a&#xa0;complex and underexplored factor, has an impact on tumor development, treatment, side effects, and quality of life. This article summarizes the role of sex in cancer epidemiology, therapy, and quality of life. Readers will gain a better understanding of the interplay between sex and cancer and be able to critically assess clinical studies.</p>

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Geschlechtersensible Krebsmedizin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月19日

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  • Annamaria Brioli,
  • Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal

摘要

The influence of sex and gender on tumor biology and treatment is increasingly acknowledged. Biological sex (XX vs. XY) affects not only sex-related tumors (e.g., breast and prostate cancer) but also cancers outside of the reproductive organs. Colorectal cancer risk and location depend on hormones and sex, while genetic risk factors in hematologic malignancies vary by sex. Despite increasing numbers of analyses, most findings remain descriptive or retrospective, with few prospective studies. Gender, a complex and underexplored factor, has an impact on tumor development, treatment, side effects, and quality of life. This article summarizes the role of sex in cancer epidemiology, therapy, and quality of life. Readers will gain a better understanding of the interplay between sex and cancer and be able to critically assess clinical studies.