Autonomieentwicklung Jugendlicher in der Kinderonkologie

In Germany, approximately 370 adolescents aged 15 and older are diagnosed with cancer each year. Each phase of treatment—acute and long-term treatment as well as (extended) follow-up care and possibly palliative therapy—poses significant psychosocial and ethical challenges for adolescents transitioning from pediatric to adult oncology. During this phase of life, adolescents focus on developing autonomy and finding their identity. This often conflicts with the protective behavior of parents and the necessary care provided by the clinical team. Studies show that a balanced relationship between parental care and the promotion of independence is crucial for coping with the disease. In particular, excessive parental anxiety can hinder adolescents’ development and limit their pursuit of autonomy.

Involving adolescents in treatment decisions is critical to fostering their autonomy and resilience, also in line with legal requirements. Age-appropriate and transparent communication supports the self-confidence and coping abilities of those affected. The family relationship plays a central role: gradual parental detachment can help adolescents take responsibility for managing their healthcare. Long-term psychosocial support becomes essential when family tensions increase and a balance between parental protection and the adolescents’ self-determination cannot be achieved during normal adjustment processes. Additionally, the long-term effects of the disease require lifelong follow-up care. A multidisciplinary approach to aftercare provides space for self-determination while also addressing parental concerns.