Chirurgische Maßnahmen bei intestinaler Obstruktion in der palliativen Therapiesituation

Intestinal obstruction is the most common reason for surgical consultation in the palliative setting. The tumor burden leads to a gastrointestinal blockage, also called “malignant (gastro)intestinal obstruction” (MIO). The prevalence in patients with colorectal cancer is 10–20%, and in patients with ovarian cancer up to 20–50%.

This article aims to provide an overview of the surgical treatment options in patients with malignant intestinal obstruction.

This work is based on a selective literature search on the topic of malignant intestinal obstruction and its surgical treatment options in the PubMed database.

Adhesiolysis, resection with/without anastomosis, stoma creation, and creation of an intestinal bypass are the surgical treatment options available. Localization of the intestinal obstruction as well as intraoperative findings and patient-specific factors influence the decision regarding which surgical strategy to follow. It is fundamental to avoid worsening of the patient’s condition through surgical therapy.

Palliative surgery in patients with malignant intestinal obstruction is a relevant therapeutic option which can lead to symptom alleviation, successful oral food intake, and patient discharge.