Background <p>Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in childhood, with 0.5–1% of the population of any age diagnosed with epilepsy. According to study results, the frequency of misdiagnosis of epilepsy after a&#xa0;suspected seizure event is between 4.6 and 30%. The phenomena described below can contribute to this if interpreted incorrectly. Nonepileptic paroxysmal events in childhood are benign phenomena that can occur at any age. This results in a&#xa0;focus on occurrence in the first year of life and infancy; most phenomena are linked to a&#xa0;specific age group. These are physiological phenomena, especially in infants and toddlers. Parasomnias are defined as unusual behavior during sleep. Awakening disorders, such as night terrors and sleepwalking, arise from NREM sleep and usually occur during the first half of the night. In addition, artificial phenomena in the sense of Munchausen syndrome by proxy can also simulate epileptic seizures.</p> Conclusions <p>Professional knowledge of nonepileptic paroxysmal events (PNES), particularly in infancy, is crucial in order to correctly diagnose patients with suspected seizures. When the clinical picture and the EEG findings do not provide an explanation for the phenomenon described, the pediatric spectrum of nonepileptic, paroxysmal events and beyond must be considered. The aim of this article is to increase knowledge in order to reduce the frequency of misdiagnosis of epilepsy in early childhood.</p>