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<p>The connections between mycotoxins, serotonin, and mental illnesses, especially psychoses, and how environmental and metabolic factors contribute to stress management are shown in our article. First, the organism–fungus interaction is discussed: fungi interact with other eukaryotic organisms on a&#xa0;spectrum from parasitism, commensalism, to mutualism, which could be described as symbiosis. Their metabolites can be toxic and influence the serotonin system, which plays an important role in human homeostasis, immune defense, and mental health. Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism may play a&#xa0;central role here: Trp is an essential amino acid that is converted into serotonin and melatonin, the messenger substances of central transmitter systems in humans.</p><p>Stress and mycotoxins influence this metabolic pathway and can change serotonin levels, which in turn increases the risk of mood and anxiety disorders. By impairing the Trp balance chronic stress can lead to the accumulation of neurotoxic breakdown products, as well as reducing the availability of serotonin, which can lead to cognitive impairment.</p><p>Close links between mycotoxins and stress conditions can be demonstrated at various levels, from molecular interaction to the influence on the social behavior of the host: mycotoxins such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins promote oxidative stress and inflammation, which could impair cognitive performance and increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases owing to blood–brain barrier disorders.</p><p>Using the example of ergot alkaloids, parallels are shown based on historical ergotism: ergot alkaloids, produced by the ergot fungus, are known for their neurotoxic effect and can cause psychoses and circulatory disorders. Today’s food controls keep contamination with mycotoxins as low as possible. Nevertheless, toxic interactions with mycotoxins can occur through the interaction of food additives such as aspartame when ingested together.</p><p>Prevention is emphasized in the available literature as an important factor: a&#xa0;stress-reducing lifestyle, a&#xa0;healthy diet, and a&#xa0;clean living environment are essential to minimize the potentially negative effects of mycotoxins and promote psychological stability.</p>

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Stressbewältigung zwischen Mykotoxinen und Serotonin

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月6日

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  • Martin Aigner,
  • Anna Höflich,
  • Verena Steiner-Hofbauer,
  • Paul Michenthaler,
  • Alexandra Schamann,
  • Michael Sulyok,
  • Gerhard Adam,
  • Rudolf Krska

摘要

The connections between mycotoxins, serotonin, and mental illnesses, especially psychoses, and how environmental and metabolic factors contribute to stress management are shown in our article. First, the organism–fungus interaction is discussed: fungi interact with other eukaryotic organisms on a spectrum from parasitism, commensalism, to mutualism, which could be described as symbiosis. Their metabolites can be toxic and influence the serotonin system, which plays an important role in human homeostasis, immune defense, and mental health. Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism may play a central role here: Trp is an essential amino acid that is converted into serotonin and melatonin, the messenger substances of central transmitter systems in humans.

Stress and mycotoxins influence this metabolic pathway and can change serotonin levels, which in turn increases the risk of mood and anxiety disorders. By impairing the Trp balance chronic stress can lead to the accumulation of neurotoxic breakdown products, as well as reducing the availability of serotonin, which can lead to cognitive impairment.

Close links between mycotoxins and stress conditions can be demonstrated at various levels, from molecular interaction to the influence on the social behavior of the host: mycotoxins such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins promote oxidative stress and inflammation, which could impair cognitive performance and increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases owing to blood–brain barrier disorders.

Using the example of ergot alkaloids, parallels are shown based on historical ergotism: ergot alkaloids, produced by the ergot fungus, are known for their neurotoxic effect and can cause psychoses and circulatory disorders. Today’s food controls keep contamination with mycotoxins as low as possible. Nevertheless, toxic interactions with mycotoxins can occur through the interaction of food additives such as aspartame when ingested together.

Prevention is emphasized in the available literature as an important factor: a stress-reducing lifestyle, a healthy diet, and a clean living environment are essential to minimize the potentially negative effects of mycotoxins and promote psychological stability.