Purpose <p>This longitudinal investigation examined the association between traumatic birth experiences (measured via self-report and clinician-report) and caregiving behaviors and attitudes and any race-related differences in these associations.</p> Methods <p>Subjective childbirth trauma was measured via a three-item questionnaire at 12 weeks postpartum. Medical childbirth factors were extracted from the electronic health record. Maternal caregiving behaviors and attitudes were assessed via comprehensive questionnaires (i.e., mother-infant bonding and parenting stress) and observation ratings (i.e., positive parenting and mother-infant interactions) at 12 weeks, 12 months, and 24 months postpartum. Multiple linear regressions were run to analyze these relationships.</p> Results <p>A total of 255 mothers (106 Black and 149 White) who gave birth from April to December 2020 were examined. More traumatic childbirth experiences were significantly associated with higher-rated observed positive parenting scores (<i>β</i> = 0.21, <i>p</i>_<i>FDR</i>&lt;0.05) when controlling for demographic factors. There were no significant relationships at 12 weeks or 24 months postpartum. Additionally, there were no effects of race on the relationship between childbirth trauma and caregiving.</p> Conclusions <p>Subjective reports of childbirth trauma were not significantly associated with poorer maternal caregiving behaviors and attitudes. This study adds to the literature by examining Black women, as they are underrepresented in this body of research and more at risk of experiencing traumatic childbirths.</p>