Scholarlink

Purpose <p>This study investigates Vitamin D levels across the perinatal period and relationships with perinatal anxiety and immune markers in women in Pakistan.</p> Methods <p>We analyzed plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cytokines and chemokines from 117 participants from the “Happy Mother-Healthy Baby” trial, which evaluated a non-specialist delivered cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for perinatal anxiety. Blood samples were collected at four timepoints: T1 (10–22 weeks), T2 (22–26 weeks), T3 (34–38 weeks), and T4 (six weeks postpartum). Participants were categorized into anxiety groups using K-means clustering. Mixed-effect models were used to examine Vitamin D trajectories, and moderation analysis explored the impact of immune markers on the Vitamin D-anxiety relationship.</p> Results <p>Vitamin D levels were severely deficient across all timepoints (&lt; 5 ng/ml) and declined significantly from T1 to T2 (β = -0.549, <i>p</i> = .006) before rebounding postpartum (β = 1.492, <i>p</i> &lt; .0001). Despite this widespread Vitamin D deficiency, no significant differences in Vitamin D trajectories were observed across anxiety groups. Higher innate immune activity correlated with higher Vitamin D levels at T1. IL-6 and CXCL-8 levels moderated the Vitamin D and anxiety relationship at T2 (IL-6: β = 2.98, <i>p</i> = .015; CXCL-8: β = 0.72, <i>p</i> = .030); among those with higher levels of IL-6 and CXCL-8, higher Vitamin D levels were associated with higher levels of anxiety.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings indicate the need for further research on maternal Vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with immune function in low- and middle-income countries.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Vitamin D levels and perinatal anxiety in an anxiety-focused behavioral intervention program in Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

查看全文
  • Semra Etyemez,
  • Kruti Mehta,
  • Jennifer Faiz,
  • Mehrose Ahmad,
  • Ahmed Zaidi,
  • Najia Atif,
  • Atif Rahman,
  • Abid Malik,
  • Kristin M. Voegtline,
  • Pamela J. Surkan,
  • Lauren M. Osborne

摘要

Purpose

This study investigates Vitamin D levels across the perinatal period and relationships with perinatal anxiety and immune markers in women in Pakistan.

Methods

We analyzed plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cytokines and chemokines from 117 participants from the “Happy Mother-Healthy Baby” trial, which evaluated a non-specialist delivered cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for perinatal anxiety. Blood samples were collected at four timepoints: T1 (10–22 weeks), T2 (22–26 weeks), T3 (34–38 weeks), and T4 (six weeks postpartum). Participants were categorized into anxiety groups using K-means clustering. Mixed-effect models were used to examine Vitamin D trajectories, and moderation analysis explored the impact of immune markers on the Vitamin D-anxiety relationship.

Results

Vitamin D levels were severely deficient across all timepoints (< 5 ng/ml) and declined significantly from T1 to T2 (β = -0.549, p = .006) before rebounding postpartum (β = 1.492, p < .0001). Despite this widespread Vitamin D deficiency, no significant differences in Vitamin D trajectories were observed across anxiety groups. Higher innate immune activity correlated with higher Vitamin D levels at T1. IL-6 and CXCL-8 levels moderated the Vitamin D and anxiety relationship at T2 (IL-6: β = 2.98, p = .015; CXCL-8: β = 0.72, p = .030); among those with higher levels of IL-6 and CXCL-8, higher Vitamin D levels were associated with higher levels of anxiety.

Conclusions

These findings indicate the need for further research on maternal Vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with immune function in low- and middle-income countries.