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<p>In this study, several pharmaceutical compounds commonly used in the treatment of heart failure, namely, ramipril, clopidogrel, indapamide, and atorvastatin calcium in their pure powder forms, were subjected to gamma irradiation. The resulting irradiated samples were analyzed using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy over the temperature range of 130–300&#xa0;K. Spectroscopic parameters were determined, and the molecular structures of the radiation-induced paramagnetic species were elucidated. The radicals detected in the irradiated samples were assigned to specific molecular fragments: –CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>ĊCOOHC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH–, –NCH<sub>2</sub>ĊHCH<sub>2</sub>–, –NĊCH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>–, and –NCH<sub>2</sub>ĊHCH–, respectively. Notably, these paramagnetic species exhibited considerable stability, persisting at room temperature for over 2&#xa0;months. The experimental EPR spectra were also subjected to computer simulation to determine the <i>g</i> values of the identified species. The findings were compared with the existing literature and evaluated in the context of previous studies on irradiated pharmaceutical compounds.</p>

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Gamma Irradiation Effects on Heart Failure Drugs: An EPR Study of Radiation-Induced Radicals in Ramipril, Clopidogrel, Indapamide, and Atorvastatin Calcium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Yunus Emre Osmanoğlu

摘要

In this study, several pharmaceutical compounds commonly used in the treatment of heart failure, namely, ramipril, clopidogrel, indapamide, and atorvastatin calcium in their pure powder forms, were subjected to gamma irradiation. The resulting irradiated samples were analyzed using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy over the temperature range of 130–300 K. Spectroscopic parameters were determined, and the molecular structures of the radiation-induced paramagnetic species were elucidated. The radicals detected in the irradiated samples were assigned to specific molecular fragments: –CH2CH2ĊCOOHC2H5NH–, –NCH2ĊHCH2–, –NĊCH3CH2–, and –NCH2ĊHCH–, respectively. Notably, these paramagnetic species exhibited considerable stability, persisting at room temperature for over 2 months. The experimental EPR spectra were also subjected to computer simulation to determine the g values of the identified species. The findings were compared with the existing literature and evaluated in the context of previous studies on irradiated pharmaceutical compounds.