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Background <p>The ability to perceive ultraviolet (UV) radiation is possible in most vertebrates by UV-sensitive photoreceptors and UV-transmissive ocular media. These mechanisms play a&#xa0;key role in visual perception but are dependent on light transmission of the cornea and lens. The genetic evolution of UV-sensitive opsins and their relationship with eye anatomy and environmental adaptations raise new questions about the relevance of these mechanisms to the human retina.</p> Methods <p>A literature search on UV-sensitive photoreceptors, ocular media and genetic factors of UV perception in vertebrates was conducted. The focus was on spectral sensitivity, transmittance of ocular structures and physiological and genetic adaptations. Phylogenetic analyses and comparative data on retinal sensitivity were also considered.</p> Results <p>Most vertebrates possess UV-sensitive visual pigments mediated by the SWS1 opsin. While birds and smaller mammals efficiently transmit UV waves to the retina through highly transparent ocular media, larger animals limit UV transmission through denser lenses and corneas. These limitations are related to the avoidance of chromatic aberration and the reduction of phototoxic damage. The results also show that genetics significantly influence spectral sensitivity.</p> Conclusion <p>The study of UV perception in vertebrates provides valuable insights into the evolution and function of visual systems. The findings on ocular media and spectral properties could provide innovative approaches to protect the human retina from UV-induced damage. Future studies should further shed light on the mechanisms of UV transmission and their potential benefits for human retinal research.</p>

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Die Netzhautsensitivität für ultraviolette Strahlung und die Auswirkungen der UV auf die Netzhaut von Wirbeltieren mit UV-empfindlichem Sehvermögen werden eine führende Erkenntnis für die menschliche Netzhaut sein

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月30日

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  • Kazim Hilmi Or

摘要

Background

The ability to perceive ultraviolet (UV) radiation is possible in most vertebrates by UV-sensitive photoreceptors and UV-transmissive ocular media. These mechanisms play a key role in visual perception but are dependent on light transmission of the cornea and lens. The genetic evolution of UV-sensitive opsins and their relationship with eye anatomy and environmental adaptations raise new questions about the relevance of these mechanisms to the human retina.

Methods

A literature search on UV-sensitive photoreceptors, ocular media and genetic factors of UV perception in vertebrates was conducted. The focus was on spectral sensitivity, transmittance of ocular structures and physiological and genetic adaptations. Phylogenetic analyses and comparative data on retinal sensitivity were also considered.

Results

Most vertebrates possess UV-sensitive visual pigments mediated by the SWS1 opsin. While birds and smaller mammals efficiently transmit UV waves to the retina through highly transparent ocular media, larger animals limit UV transmission through denser lenses and corneas. These limitations are related to the avoidance of chromatic aberration and the reduction of phototoxic damage. The results also show that genetics significantly influence spectral sensitivity.

Conclusion

The study of UV perception in vertebrates provides valuable insights into the evolution and function of visual systems. The findings on ocular media and spectral properties could provide innovative approaches to protect the human retina from UV-induced damage. Future studies should further shed light on the mechanisms of UV transmission and their potential benefits for human retinal research.