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<p>The development of novel ornamental variants through targeted mutagenesis represents a key advancement for the aquatic plant industry. However, efficient methods remain limited for generating stable dwarf cultivars in non-model species. This study induced stable dwarf mutants of <i>Cryptocoryne crispatula</i> var. albida through gamma irradiation, focusing on protocol optimization, phenotypic evaluation, and genetic validation. In vitro plantlets were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> 6-benzyladenine, 0.5 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 100 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> ceftriaxone prior to gamma irradiation using a Cesium-137 source. Linear regression across two independent trials yielded consistent LD₅₀ values of 15.38 and 14.5&#xa0;Gy, guiding mutagenesis within the 10–16&#xa0;Gy range. Morphological assessment over three clonal generations identified 10–12&#xa0;Gy as optimal, producing stable dwarf phenotypes with significantly increased shoot proliferation using 10&#xa0;Gy and 12&#xa0;Gy (4.46 ± 0.27 and 5.37 ± 0.47 shoots per plantlet, respectively) compared to controls (3.38 ± 0.60). Leaf length was significantly reduced at 10–12&#xa0;Gy, whereas leaf width showed a significant reduction only at 10&#xa0;Gy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Microscopy confirmed epidermal changes, including reduced adaxial stomatal density from 86 ± 31.5 to 56 ± 20.9 stomata mm<sup>−</sup>² and altered guard cell morphology. SCoT26 amplified a unique 1,100&#xa0;bp fragment in 10–12&#xa0;Gy mutants, indicating its potential utility as a putative marker for genotypic selection. These findings confirmed that gamma irradiation could effectively generate compact, genetically stable cultivars for <i>C. crispatula</i> var. albida for the Thai aquatic ornamental plant industry.</p>

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Stable dwarf mutants of Thai aquatic Cryptocoryne Crispatula var. Albida induced by gamma irradiation and characterized by morphological and scot markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Chanram Roopkham,
  • Yupadee Paopun,
  • Jantaravipa Rattanaanan,
  • Piyanan Thanomchat,
  • Pakorn Tangpong,
  • Arpakorn Sakulsathaporn

摘要

The development of novel ornamental variants through targeted mutagenesis represents a key advancement for the aquatic plant industry. However, efficient methods remain limited for generating stable dwarf cultivars in non-model species. This study induced stable dwarf mutants of Cryptocoryne crispatula var. albida through gamma irradiation, focusing on protocol optimization, phenotypic evaluation, and genetic validation. In vitro plantlets were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L− 1 6-benzyladenine, 0.5 mg L− 1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 100 mg L− 1 ceftriaxone prior to gamma irradiation using a Cesium-137 source. Linear regression across two independent trials yielded consistent LD₅₀ values of 15.38 and 14.5 Gy, guiding mutagenesis within the 10–16 Gy range. Morphological assessment over three clonal generations identified 10–12 Gy as optimal, producing stable dwarf phenotypes with significantly increased shoot proliferation using 10 Gy and 12 Gy (4.46 ± 0.27 and 5.37 ± 0.47 shoots per plantlet, respectively) compared to controls (3.38 ± 0.60). Leaf length was significantly reduced at 10–12 Gy, whereas leaf width showed a significant reduction only at 10 Gy (p < 0.05). Microscopy confirmed epidermal changes, including reduced adaxial stomatal density from 86 ± 31.5 to 56 ± 20.9 stomata mm−² and altered guard cell morphology. SCoT26 amplified a unique 1,100 bp fragment in 10–12 Gy mutants, indicating its potential utility as a putative marker for genotypic selection. These findings confirmed that gamma irradiation could effectively generate compact, genetically stable cultivars for C. crispatula var. albida for the Thai aquatic ornamental plant industry.