<p>This article focuses on optimizing the efficiency of energy harvesters constructed from two dissimilar functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic (FGMEE) layers. A new physical model for an FGMEE dual-layer energy harvester is presented, with an elastic half-space considered as the base of the harvester. Unlike previous studies that primarily explored homogeneous or single/double-layer structures, this study investigates the propagation of shear-horizontal (SH) surface waves in a three-layered structure, introducing a more complex setup for improved energy harvesting efficiency. The top surface and interface between the upper and middle layers are assumed to be corrugated, while the elastic half-space is in welded contact with the middle layer. Two boundary conditions at the surface are examined: a magnetically electrically open case and a magnetically electrically short case. The method of separation of variables is employed to derive the displacement components, electric potential, and magnetic potential across all three media. Dispersion relations for each case are derived in a determinant form using appropriate boundary conditions. Material coefficients of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$CoFe_2O_4$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>F</mi> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$BaTiO_3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <i>Si</i> are utilized to graphically illustrate the impact of various parameters on the phase velocity. The results show that the phase velocity is significantly influenced by the corrugation of the surface and interface, gradient factor, and the layer widths of the two FGMEE layers. The phase velocity, as a key parameter influencing the energy transported within the media, governs the charge generation, highlighting its importance for efficient energy harvesting.</p>

Continuum analysis of SH waves in energy harvester having FGMEE layered structures with non-planar boundaries

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发表日期：

2026年3月16日

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Subhashis Karmakar,
Sanjeev Anand Sahu,
Sonali Mondal,
Sonal Nirwal

摘要

This article focuses on optimizing the efficiency of energy harvesters constructed from two dissimilar functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic (FGMEE) layers. A new physical model for an FGMEE dual-layer energy harvester is presented, with an elastic half-space considered as the base of the harvester. Unlike previous studies that primarily explored homogeneous or single/double-layer structures, this study investigates the propagation of shear-horizontal (SH) surface waves in a three-layered structure, introducing a more complex setup for improved energy harvesting efficiency. The top surface and interface between the upper and middle layers are assumed to be corrugated, while the elastic half-space is in welded contact with the middle layer. Two boundary conditions at the surface are examined: a magnetically electrically open case and a magnetically electrically short case. The method of separation of variables is employed to derive the displacement components, electric potential, and magnetic potential across all three media. Dispersion relations for each case are derived in a determinant form using appropriate boundary conditions. Material coefficients of $CoFe_2O_4$ $C o F e_{2} O_{4}$ , $BaTiO_3$ $B a T i O_{3}$ , and Si are utilized to graphically illustrate the impact of various parameters on the phase velocity. The results show that the phase velocity is significantly influenced by the corrugation of the surface and interface, gradient factor, and the layer widths of the two FGMEE layers. The phase velocity, as a key parameter influencing the energy transported within the media, governs the charge generation, highlighting its importance for efficient energy harvesting.