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<p>This study investigates the vibration behavior of bi-directionally functionally graded (BD-FGM) piezoelectric systems under hygrothermal loading. The system integrates PZT-4 and PZT-5H materials in a hybrid bimorph configuration, with bi-directional material gradation tailored to optimize flexibility and stiffness. Using Hamilton’s variational principle alongside classical plate theory (CPT), the governing equations of motion are derived to model the dynamic response. The effects of porosity, moisture content, and material gradation on the natural oscillation characteristics are examined. Results reveal that lower porosity enhances stiffness and natural frequency, while higher porosity increases flexibility, enabling the system to better adapt to dynamic environments. The Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) is used for numerical validation across various boundary conditions. Findings show that PZT-4 outperforms at lower resistances, while PZT-5H provides superior performance at higher resistances, ensuring stable vibrational responses under diverse operating conditions. This study provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the dynamic behavior of BD-FGM systems, demonstrating their potential for industrial and structural applications in demanding environments.</p>

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Optimization of bi-directional FG piezoelectric circular plates for structural adaptability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Mahaveersreejayan Madasamy,
  • Lifeng Wang

摘要

This study investigates the vibration behavior of bi-directionally functionally graded (BD-FGM) piezoelectric systems under hygrothermal loading. The system integrates PZT-4 and PZT-5H materials in a hybrid bimorph configuration, with bi-directional material gradation tailored to optimize flexibility and stiffness. Using Hamilton’s variational principle alongside classical plate theory (CPT), the governing equations of motion are derived to model the dynamic response. The effects of porosity, moisture content, and material gradation on the natural oscillation characteristics are examined. Results reveal that lower porosity enhances stiffness and natural frequency, while higher porosity increases flexibility, enabling the system to better adapt to dynamic environments. The Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) is used for numerical validation across various boundary conditions. Findings show that PZT-4 outperforms at lower resistances, while PZT-5H provides superior performance at higher resistances, ensuring stable vibrational responses under diverse operating conditions. This study provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the dynamic behavior of BD-FGM systems, demonstrating their potential for industrial and structural applications in demanding environments.