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<p>In many forming processes, woven stacks are draped into a mould before the resin is injected/consolidated. This deformation is incompatible with traditional plate models as the rotation of lines initially perpendicular to the mid-surface (material directors) is driven by yarn quasi-inextensibility and ply sliding, rather than by transverse shear. Moreover, the thickness does not remain constant after deformation, affecting the resin permeability. An equivalent single-layer shell kinematic model with two independent top and bottom surfaces is proposed, where membrane behaviour drives the material director rotation while the distance between determines the thickness strain. The kinematic model is approximated by a 3-node shell finite element. The element is validated with benchmark tests available in the literature.</p>

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Variable-thickness FE shell for the simulation of stacks of woven reinforcements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Bruno R. Cotrim,
  • Baptiste Lacroix,
  • Philippe Vidal,
  • Julien Colmars,
  • Michele D’Ottavio,
  • Emmanuel Valot,
  • Olivier Polit

摘要

In many forming processes, woven stacks are draped into a mould before the resin is injected/consolidated. This deformation is incompatible with traditional plate models as the rotation of lines initially perpendicular to the mid-surface (material directors) is driven by yarn quasi-inextensibility and ply sliding, rather than by transverse shear. Moreover, the thickness does not remain constant after deformation, affecting the resin permeability. An equivalent single-layer shell kinematic model with two independent top and bottom surfaces is proposed, where membrane behaviour drives the material director rotation while the distance between determines the thickness strain. The kinematic model is approximated by a 3-node shell finite element. The element is validated with benchmark tests available in the literature.