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<p>Determination of molybdenum [Mo(VI)] in different kinds of environmental samples is often a challenging task for analysts. Its concentration is usually very low and the sample matrix may cause serious interferences during measurement. Most sophisticated techniques used for Mo(VI) detection are both effective and highly sensitive, their application is hindered by the need for costly apparatus, advanced technical precision, complex machinery, and skilled personnel, making them cumbersome. Due to their large dimensions, these instruments are not suitable for field use as portable analyzers. Over recent years, there has been growing interest in optical sensors. This research explores the development and application of a novel sensor for the selective identification of molybdenum [Mo(VI)] at ultra-trace levels. The sensor utilizes a fabricated polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) for analyte immobilization. The PIM incorporates polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the base polymer, 8-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-1,6-naphthalenediol (BTAND) as the selective ionophore, and tri-<i>iso</i>-octylamine (TiOA) as an extractant enhancer. The advanced sensor demonstrates a linear dynamic range for Mo(VI) identification within a specific concentration range with a Limit of detection of 2.4&#xa0;ng&#xa0;cm<sup>−3</sup>. Notably, the sensor demonstrates reusability and excellent mechanical stability. Furthermore, the applicability of the sensor was assessed through the quantification of Mo(VI) in food, water, and biological samples. The recovery percentages for Mo(VI) quantification ranged from 97.6 to 102.86% in dietary supplements and water, and from 97.86 to 102.25% in potentially contaminated Food samples. The detection is visual naked-eye color change and a colorimetric detection process achieved rapid analysis with a measurement time of 5.0 min and a highest absorbance wavelength of 597 nm. The accuracy of the sensor was validated through correlation and comparison with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), demonstrating excellent agreement between the two methods.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Polymer inclusion membranes-based sensor for the determination of molybdenum in food, water, and biological samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Muneera Alrasheedi,
  • Ahmed H. Alanazi,
  • Amnah S. Al Zbedy,
  • Khaled F. Debbabi,
  • Refat El-Sayed,
  • Alaa S. Amin

摘要

Determination of molybdenum [Mo(VI)] in different kinds of environmental samples is often a challenging task for analysts. Its concentration is usually very low and the sample matrix may cause serious interferences during measurement. Most sophisticated techniques used for Mo(VI) detection are both effective and highly sensitive, their application is hindered by the need for costly apparatus, advanced technical precision, complex machinery, and skilled personnel, making them cumbersome. Due to their large dimensions, these instruments are not suitable for field use as portable analyzers. Over recent years, there has been growing interest in optical sensors. This research explores the development and application of a novel sensor for the selective identification of molybdenum [Mo(VI)] at ultra-trace levels. The sensor utilizes a fabricated polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) for analyte immobilization. The PIM incorporates polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the base polymer, 8-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-1,6-naphthalenediol (BTAND) as the selective ionophore, and tri-iso-octylamine (TiOA) as an extractant enhancer. The advanced sensor demonstrates a linear dynamic range for Mo(VI) identification within a specific concentration range with a Limit of detection of 2.4 ng cm−3. Notably, the sensor demonstrates reusability and excellent mechanical stability. Furthermore, the applicability of the sensor was assessed through the quantification of Mo(VI) in food, water, and biological samples. The recovery percentages for Mo(VI) quantification ranged from 97.6 to 102.86% in dietary supplements and water, and from 97.86 to 102.25% in potentially contaminated Food samples. The detection is visual naked-eye color change and a colorimetric detection process achieved rapid analysis with a measurement time of 5.0 min and a highest absorbance wavelength of 597 nm. The accuracy of the sensor was validated through correlation and comparison with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), demonstrating excellent agreement between the two methods.

Graphical abstract