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<p>Food fraud is a serious issue and economic problem affecting food safety, and today economically motivated adulteration is the most common form of food adulteration which causes serious health consequences. Currently, date molasses consumption is increasing worldwide due to their delicious taste and high amount of vitamins (vitamin B6), minerals (potassium, magnesium, and iron), and antioxidant compounds. Date molasses is highly known for its nutritional benefits, culinary versatility, cultural significance, and potential economic and environmental contributions. The purpose of this research was to analysis, for the first time, the fraud in date molasses. The physicochemical parameters and FT-IR fingerprinting of pure date molasses, adulterated date molasses, and sugars are examined. Five pure date molasses samples from various geographic regions of Algeria and 37 date molasses samples adulterated with varying amounts of sugar (glucose, fructose, and sucrose, 5 to 50%) were used in this investigation, in order to identify and detect pure and adulterated date molasses. The analysis identified subtle differences in the quality of date molasses, with pure samples exhibiting the following characteristic ranges: water content (25.4–28.2%), electrical conductivity (1.7–3.17 mS/cm), pH (5.88–5.98), free acidity (7–17&#xa0;meq/kg), and total soluble solids (TSS) (72.4–76.2 Brix). Spectral data in the 4000–400&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> region were recorded for both pure and adulterated date molasses samples, by combining spectral measurements with multivariate analyses. The date molasses samples were successfully classified according to their functional groups. Specifically, the spectral region between 3370 and 600&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> was selected for effective discrimination of clusters. Principal Component Analysis, Discriminant Factor Analysis, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were employed to develop an efficient detection method. The results demonstrated a highly promising discrimination process, with the PC1-PC2 plane accounting for 95.77% of the total variance in physicochemical parameters analysis and 99.27% in infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using infrared spectroscopy and physicochemical parameters for rapid detection of fraud in date molasses.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Date molasses fraud detection based on sugar syrup adulteration using FT-IR fingerprinting, physicochemical parameters, and multivariate analyses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Ilyas Chikhi,
  • Samir Cherigui,
  • Hanane Chaker,
  • Fayçal Dergal,
  • Ferial Chellali,
  • Lahcen Belarbi,
  • Mohammed El Amine Dib,
  • Ivana Matić Bujagić

摘要

Food fraud is a serious issue and economic problem affecting food safety, and today economically motivated adulteration is the most common form of food adulteration which causes serious health consequences. Currently, date molasses consumption is increasing worldwide due to their delicious taste and high amount of vitamins (vitamin B6), minerals (potassium, magnesium, and iron), and antioxidant compounds. Date molasses is highly known for its nutritional benefits, culinary versatility, cultural significance, and potential economic and environmental contributions. The purpose of this research was to analysis, for the first time, the fraud in date molasses. The physicochemical parameters and FT-IR fingerprinting of pure date molasses, adulterated date molasses, and sugars are examined. Five pure date molasses samples from various geographic regions of Algeria and 37 date molasses samples adulterated with varying amounts of sugar (glucose, fructose, and sucrose, 5 to 50%) were used in this investigation, in order to identify and detect pure and adulterated date molasses. The analysis identified subtle differences in the quality of date molasses, with pure samples exhibiting the following characteristic ranges: water content (25.4–28.2%), electrical conductivity (1.7–3.17 mS/cm), pH (5.88–5.98), free acidity (7–17 meq/kg), and total soluble solids (TSS) (72.4–76.2 Brix). Spectral data in the 4000–400 cm−1 region were recorded for both pure and adulterated date molasses samples, by combining spectral measurements with multivariate analyses. The date molasses samples were successfully classified according to their functional groups. Specifically, the spectral region between 3370 and 600 cm−1 was selected for effective discrimination of clusters. Principal Component Analysis, Discriminant Factor Analysis, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were employed to develop an efficient detection method. The results demonstrated a highly promising discrimination process, with the PC1-PC2 plane accounting for 95.77% of the total variance in physicochemical parameters analysis and 99.27% in infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using infrared spectroscopy and physicochemical parameters for rapid detection of fraud in date molasses.

Graphical abstract