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<p>We have developed a straightforward synthesis of dihydrochromeno[<i>h</i>]chromenes using ZnO/Zn<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite as an effective recyclable catalyst, at 80&#xa0;°C under solvent-free conditions. This is the first report of using this nanocomposite as a catalyst in the reaction 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile with a molar ratio of 1:2:2 to afford dihydrochromeno[<i>h</i>]chromenes. The salient features of this green methodology are mild reaction conditions, clean reaction profile, and high atom economy.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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ZnO/Zn2TiO4 nanocomposite as a highly effective and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of dihydrochromeno[h]chromenes under solvent-free conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月23日

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  • Mohadeseh Ghomashi,
  • Shahrzad Abdolmohammadi,
  • Masoud Giahi

摘要

We have developed a straightforward synthesis of dihydrochromeno[h]chromenes using ZnO/Zn2TiO4 nanocomposite as an effective recyclable catalyst, at 80 °C under solvent-free conditions. This is the first report of using this nanocomposite as a catalyst in the reaction 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile with a molar ratio of 1:2:2 to afford dihydrochromeno[h]chromenes. The salient features of this green methodology are mild reaction conditions, clean reaction profile, and high atom economy.

Graphical abstract