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<p>This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the alcoholic solution obtained from the root bark of <i>Radermachera xylocarpa</i> and its individual component lapachol against bacteria, fungi, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) through in vitro testing. In this experiment, the separation of lapachol in EE of <i>Radermachera xylocarpa</i> stem bark was done by column chromatography and standardization of lapachol was done by RP-HPLC. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal (MIC, MBC, MFC, zone of inhibition, pH sensitivity assay, and time–response assay) activity of lapachol and EE was done by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. Whereas the anti-HSV-1 activity of both EE and lapachol was investigated by the cytotoxicity (CC<sub>50</sub>), antiviral efficacy (EC<sub>50</sub>), dose response, plaque reduction, and time–response assay. The EE was inhibited the bacterial strain (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i>) at MIC of ≥ 625, ≥ 1250, ≥ 1250&#xa0;µg/cm<sup>3</sup> and fungal strain (<i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, and <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>) at MIC of ≥ 1250, ≥ 1250, ≥ 25,000&#xa0;µg/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively, by agar and broth dilution methods. The time–response study demonstrated that the EE inhibited <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> within 2–8&#xa0;h and <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, and <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> within 12–24&#xa0;h. The EE and lapachol both possess potent anti-HSV-1 activity (EC<sub>50</sub> 40.2&#xa0;µg/cm<sup>3</sup>, S.I. 12.3) and (EC<sub>50</sub> 2.5&#xa0;µg/cm<sup>3</sup>, S.I. 33.2), respectively. The time-based analysis showed that EE and lapachol display the strongest effect against HSV-1 between 2 and 8&#xa0;h after infection. The HPLC analysis showed that 2.04% (w/w) of lapachol present in EE. Our investigation suggested that EE and lapachol both possess good anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity. However, when it comes to a virus, both have displayed strong anti-HSV-1 effects indicating their potential as antimicrobials and anti-HSV-1 treatments.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Antibacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-HSV-1 activity of isolated compound lapachol from Radermachera xylocarpa stem bark

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月19日

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  • Rakesh Kumar Paul,
  • Sindhuja Sengupta,
  • Dipan Roy,
  • Dona Sarkar,
  • Souvik Biswas,
  • Debaprotim Dasgupta,
  • G. Mariappan,
  • Faruk Alam,
  • Mrinmoy Nag

摘要

This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the alcoholic solution obtained from the root bark of Radermachera xylocarpa and its individual component lapachol against bacteria, fungi, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) through in vitro testing. In this experiment, the separation of lapachol in EE of Radermachera xylocarpa stem bark was done by column chromatography and standardization of lapachol was done by RP-HPLC. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal (MIC, MBC, MFC, zone of inhibition, pH sensitivity assay, and time–response assay) activity of lapachol and EE was done by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. Whereas the anti-HSV-1 activity of both EE and lapachol was investigated by the cytotoxicity (CC50), antiviral efficacy (EC50), dose response, plaque reduction, and time–response assay. The EE was inhibited the bacterial strain (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus) at MIC of ≥ 625, ≥ 1250, ≥ 1250 µg/cm3 and fungal strain (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans) at MIC of ≥ 1250, ≥ 1250, ≥ 25,000 µg/cm3, respectively, by agar and broth dilution methods. The time–response study demonstrated that the EE inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus within 2–8 h and Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans within 12–24 h. The EE and lapachol both possess potent anti-HSV-1 activity (EC50 40.2 µg/cm3, S.I. 12.3) and (EC50 2.5 µg/cm3, S.I. 33.2), respectively. The time-based analysis showed that EE and lapachol display the strongest effect against HSV-1 between 2 and 8 h after infection. The HPLC analysis showed that 2.04% (w/w) of lapachol present in EE. Our investigation suggested that EE and lapachol both possess good anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity. However, when it comes to a virus, both have displayed strong anti-HSV-1 effects indicating their potential as antimicrobials and anti-HSV-1 treatments.

Graphical abstract