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<p>Urban Green Spaces (UGS) play a critical role in regulating urban microclimate; however, empirical evaluation of different UGS typologies at neighbourhood scale remains limited, particularly in warm-humid regions. This study presents a comparative assessment of cooling performance and thermal stress reduction across three distinct UGS typologies in Rajarhat-Newtown, Kolkata, India (Köppen Aw), integrating field measurements, ENVI-met simulations, and remote sensing analysis. The study sites represent (i) a lawn-dominant neighbourhood park with sparse tree cover (CE), (ii) a compact urban pocket forest with dense canopy (DA), and (iii) a neighbourhood park with internal waterbody adjacent to a 480-acre district park (AAIIB). Concurrent pairwise field measurements revealed that the pocket forest (DA) exhibited approximately 1&#xa0;°C lower mean air temperature than the lawn-dominant site (CE), while the blue-green integrated morphology (AAIIB) recorded an additional ~ 0.9&#xa0;°C reduction relative to DA, with amplified nocturnal cooling. ENVI-met simulations, validated against field data (RMSE &lt; 0.75&#xa0;°C), demonstrated that differences in water flux continuity and mean radiant temperature contributed to peak PET reductions of up to 2–3&#xa0;°C despite modest air temperature contrasts. Landsat-derived LST and NDVI analyses corroborated spatial thermal gradients with vegetation, though micro-scale heterogeneity was better resolved in simulation. The findings demonstrate that vegetation structure, blue-green integration, and morphological porosity exert greater influence on thermal resilience than the amount of green area alone, offering configuration-sensitive design implications for warm-humid residential environments.</p>

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Evaluating the role of urban green space typology in reducing thermal stress in tropical residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Rajarhat-Newtown, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Moumita Majumdar,
  • Bhaskar De,
  • Aman Gupta

摘要

Urban Green Spaces (UGS) play a critical role in regulating urban microclimate; however, empirical evaluation of different UGS typologies at neighbourhood scale remains limited, particularly in warm-humid regions. This study presents a comparative assessment of cooling performance and thermal stress reduction across three distinct UGS typologies in Rajarhat-Newtown, Kolkata, India (Köppen Aw), integrating field measurements, ENVI-met simulations, and remote sensing analysis. The study sites represent (i) a lawn-dominant neighbourhood park with sparse tree cover (CE), (ii) a compact urban pocket forest with dense canopy (DA), and (iii) a neighbourhood park with internal waterbody adjacent to a 480-acre district park (AAIIB). Concurrent pairwise field measurements revealed that the pocket forest (DA) exhibited approximately 1 °C lower mean air temperature than the lawn-dominant site (CE), while the blue-green integrated morphology (AAIIB) recorded an additional ~ 0.9 °C reduction relative to DA, with amplified nocturnal cooling. ENVI-met simulations, validated against field data (RMSE < 0.75 °C), demonstrated that differences in water flux continuity and mean radiant temperature contributed to peak PET reductions of up to 2–3 °C despite modest air temperature contrasts. Landsat-derived LST and NDVI analyses corroborated spatial thermal gradients with vegetation, though micro-scale heterogeneity was better resolved in simulation. The findings demonstrate that vegetation structure, blue-green integration, and morphological porosity exert greater influence on thermal resilience than the amount of green area alone, offering configuration-sensitive design implications for warm-humid residential environments.