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<p>Climate change and variability have become major global challenges, increasingly threatening agropastoral livelihoods in semi-arid eastern Ethiopia. However, vulnerability of livelihoods to climate changes remains inadequately quantified at the district level, resulting in a critical gap in understanding local vulnerability dynamics and their drivers. This study addresses this gap by providing the district-level-specific livelihood vulnerability assessment across Kumbi, Gola Oda, and Mayumuluke districts of the East Hararge Zone, using the integrated Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC framework. An employed mixed-methods approach, combining data from 196 randomly selected households with key informant interviews, focus group discussions, field observation, and 33 years (1990–2023) of record meteorological data. Indicators were selected based on literature review, expert consultation, local context, and data availability. All indicators were standardized using min-max normalization and weighted using Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) to reduce subjectivity. Results show clear spatial variation in vulnerability ranging from moderate to high across the study districts. Mayumuluke is the most vulnerable district (LVI = 0.67; LVI-IPCC = 0.526), driven by high exposure to climate variability, greater livelihood sensitivity, and relatively low adaptive capacity. Gola Oda shows moderate vulnerability (LVI = 0.53; LVI-IPCC = 0.512). While Kumbi exhibits relatively the lowest vulnerability (LVI = 0.52; LVI-IPCC = 0.488), it benefits from better livelihood diversification and financial assets. The findings indicate that livelihood vulnerability results from a combination of climatic stressors, socioeconomic constraints, and environmental degradation, rather than being influenced solely by exposure factors. Therefore, integrated and context-specific adaptation strategies that simultaneously strengthen adaptive capacity, reduce sensitivity, and manage exposure critically need to reduce the vulnerability of climate risks.</p>

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Vulnerability of agropastoral livelihoods to climate-related shocks in selected districts of East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Hakel Abrahim Mohammed,
  • Yesihak Yusuf Mummed,
  • Takele Wolkaro,
  • Ketema Bekele,
  • Titay Zeleke,
  • Michael Abara

摘要

Climate change and variability have become major global challenges, increasingly threatening agropastoral livelihoods in semi-arid eastern Ethiopia. However, vulnerability of livelihoods to climate changes remains inadequately quantified at the district level, resulting in a critical gap in understanding local vulnerability dynamics and their drivers. This study addresses this gap by providing the district-level-specific livelihood vulnerability assessment across Kumbi, Gola Oda, and Mayumuluke districts of the East Hararge Zone, using the integrated Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC framework. An employed mixed-methods approach, combining data from 196 randomly selected households with key informant interviews, focus group discussions, field observation, and 33 years (1990–2023) of record meteorological data. Indicators were selected based on literature review, expert consultation, local context, and data availability. All indicators were standardized using min-max normalization and weighted using Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) to reduce subjectivity. Results show clear spatial variation in vulnerability ranging from moderate to high across the study districts. Mayumuluke is the most vulnerable district (LVI = 0.67; LVI-IPCC = 0.526), driven by high exposure to climate variability, greater livelihood sensitivity, and relatively low adaptive capacity. Gola Oda shows moderate vulnerability (LVI = 0.53; LVI-IPCC = 0.512). While Kumbi exhibits relatively the lowest vulnerability (LVI = 0.52; LVI-IPCC = 0.488), it benefits from better livelihood diversification and financial assets. The findings indicate that livelihood vulnerability results from a combination of climatic stressors, socioeconomic constraints, and environmental degradation, rather than being influenced solely by exposure factors. Therefore, integrated and context-specific adaptation strategies that simultaneously strengthen adaptive capacity, reduce sensitivity, and manage exposure critically need to reduce the vulnerability of climate risks.