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<p>Tornado-like vortices (<i>puting beliung</i>) pose a persistent public-safety hazard in Indonesia because they can produce damaging winds over highly localized areas within minutes. Yet, routine observations or deterministic models rarely capture their sub-kilometer scale and short lifetime. This study reconstructs the 21 February 2024 Rancaekek event in West Java by integrating multi-platform observations, including surface measurements, weather radar, Himawari-9 satellite imagery, and damage mapping, with a convection-permitting WRF-ARW v4.6 hindcast nested to 111&#xa0;m grid spacing. A key contribution is the use of a phase-aligned observational–model reconstruction framework, which enables process-based diagnosis despite a timing offset in convective initiation. Surface observations near the damage corridor recorded an abrupt wind-direction shift, a peak 10-m wind speed exceeding 10&#xa0;m s⁻¹, and a marked pre-event pressure decrease followed by rapid pressure recovery during the event window, while radar and damage surveys documented a compact, intense storm and a narrow damage swath consistent with a tornado-like vortex. Although the simulation-initiated convection about 3&#xa0;h earlier than observed, it reproduced the storm morphology and placement over the affected corridor, with reflectivity maxima comparable to radar observations. Reflectivity verification yielded an overall FSS of 0.88 for the full phase-aligned verification period, while time-resolved FSS values showed that agreement varied across individual matched timestamps. Storm-scale diagnostics indicate a boundary-driven genesis pathway in which gust-front convergence and baroclinicity concentrated low-level vorticity, followed by intensification through updraft-driven stretching. Sensitivity experiments further show that explicit vortex representation depends strongly on microphysics choice and spin-up duration, highlighting why such localized hazards are often missed in standard deterministic configurations. </p>

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Capturing an elusive tornado-like vortex (puting beliung) in Indonesia: Multi-platform observations and convection-permitting WRF dynamical reconstruction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Kiki,
  • Yonny Koesmaryono,
  • Rahmat Hidayat,
  • Donaldi Sukma Permana,
  • Perdinan,
  • Adi Mulsandi

摘要

Tornado-like vortices (puting beliung) pose a persistent public-safety hazard in Indonesia because they can produce damaging winds over highly localized areas within minutes. Yet, routine observations or deterministic models rarely capture their sub-kilometer scale and short lifetime. This study reconstructs the 21 February 2024 Rancaekek event in West Java by integrating multi-platform observations, including surface measurements, weather radar, Himawari-9 satellite imagery, and damage mapping, with a convection-permitting WRF-ARW v4.6 hindcast nested to 111 m grid spacing. A key contribution is the use of a phase-aligned observational–model reconstruction framework, which enables process-based diagnosis despite a timing offset in convective initiation. Surface observations near the damage corridor recorded an abrupt wind-direction shift, a peak 10-m wind speed exceeding 10 m s⁻¹, and a marked pre-event pressure decrease followed by rapid pressure recovery during the event window, while radar and damage surveys documented a compact, intense storm and a narrow damage swath consistent with a tornado-like vortex. Although the simulation-initiated convection about 3 h earlier than observed, it reproduced the storm morphology and placement over the affected corridor, with reflectivity maxima comparable to radar observations. Reflectivity verification yielded an overall FSS of 0.88 for the full phase-aligned verification period, while time-resolved FSS values showed that agreement varied across individual matched timestamps. Storm-scale diagnostics indicate a boundary-driven genesis pathway in which gust-front convergence and baroclinicity concentrated low-level vorticity, followed by intensification through updraft-driven stretching. Sensitivity experiments further show that explicit vortex representation depends strongly on microphysics choice and spin-up duration, highlighting why such localized hazards are often missed in standard deterministic configurations.