<p>Snow can alter soil water and heat conditions, affect the phenology and reproduction of vegetation. This study explores the influence and underlying mechanism of snow variations in winter and spring on the Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) during the growing season in Eurasia. Winter and spring snow variations exert distinct and regional dependent impacts on growing season vegetation in Eurasia. North of 55°N, persistent snow anomalies decrease May–June vegetation coverage through albedo–driven cooling and delayed soil thawing, while south of 55°N increased snowmelt enhances soil moisture and promotes vegetation growth. By July–August, snow primarily influences vegetation through a soil moisture legacy effect, leading to a generally positive correlation between snow and FVC across Western Siberia, Eurasian Far East, Central Asia. The main December–April snow mode features a south–north dipole, which modifies surface energy distribution and drives circulation anomalies that make two key regions (central and eastern Europe and western Okhotsk Bay) warm (cold). This enhances vegetation in positive anomaly years and inhibit it in negative anomaly years. This study indicates the critical role of seasonal snow in regulating vegetation dynamics across Eurasia and provides a scientific foundation for advancing our understanding of snow–climate–ecosystem interactions.</p>