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<p>Urban heat islands (UHIs), amplified by global warming and population growth, pose significant challenges at multiple scales. Quantifying UHIs is essential to better understand interactions between urban fabric and environment. Data on urban form and function are needed to support analysis and modeling of the urban thermal conditions. The WUDAPT framework addresses this need through a hierarchical structure, from LCZ mapping (Level 0) to detailed urban canopy parameters (Levels 1–2). This study applies the WUDAPT L0 method to classify LCZs in Constantine, a developing semiarid African city marked by fragmented urban morphology. Ten UCPs were calculated and compared to standard LCZ reference ranges, contributing to WUDAPT Level 1 refinement. Selected UCPs were used as input for SOLWEIG simulations of outdoor thermal comfort across four LCZs, during summer 2019. In the absence of high resolution elevation data, the urban surface was modeled using an SRTM-derived DEM — an approach less commonly documented in SOLWEIG-based studies. The LCZ classification achieved an overall accuracy of 71%, primarily due to high accuracy in natural classes, while urban types showed moderate performance (urban OA = 60%). The calculated UCPs were consistent with standard typologies, supporting the classification’s coherence. SOLWEIG simulations indicated daytime mean radiant temperature ranged from 35.5&#xa0;°C to 56.5&#xa0;°C, with lower values in denser zones. Open zones reached 39.9–40.5&#xa0;°C on average, whereas compact areas retained more heat at night. The results indicate that meaningful spatial variations in thermal exposure can be assessed using globally accessible datasets, offering a replicable approach for other data-scarce cities.</p>

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Mapping local climate zones and deriving urban canopy parameters for outdoor thermal comfort in Constantine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Dounia Khellaf,
  • Saliha Abdou

摘要

Urban heat islands (UHIs), amplified by global warming and population growth, pose significant challenges at multiple scales. Quantifying UHIs is essential to better understand interactions between urban fabric and environment. Data on urban form and function are needed to support analysis and modeling of the urban thermal conditions. The WUDAPT framework addresses this need through a hierarchical structure, from LCZ mapping (Level 0) to detailed urban canopy parameters (Levels 1–2). This study applies the WUDAPT L0 method to classify LCZs in Constantine, a developing semiarid African city marked by fragmented urban morphology. Ten UCPs were calculated and compared to standard LCZ reference ranges, contributing to WUDAPT Level 1 refinement. Selected UCPs were used as input for SOLWEIG simulations of outdoor thermal comfort across four LCZs, during summer 2019. In the absence of high resolution elevation data, the urban surface was modeled using an SRTM-derived DEM — an approach less commonly documented in SOLWEIG-based studies. The LCZ classification achieved an overall accuracy of 71%, primarily due to high accuracy in natural classes, while urban types showed moderate performance (urban OA = 60%). The calculated UCPs were consistent with standard typologies, supporting the classification’s coherence. SOLWEIG simulations indicated daytime mean radiant temperature ranged from 35.5 °C to 56.5 °C, with lower values in denser zones. Open zones reached 39.9–40.5 °C on average, whereas compact areas retained more heat at night. The results indicate that meaningful spatial variations in thermal exposure can be assessed using globally accessible datasets, offering a replicable approach for other data-scarce cities.