<p>Smallholder farmers and their livelihoods are under persistent risk of extreme climatic events. Drought is one of such extremes that frequently affects agricultural production in tropical regions such as India. Although several attempts have been made to assess the vulnerability of the agriculture sector to climate-driven drought, their coarse resolution limits the applicability at grassroot levels. Therefore, here we introduce a high-resolution (i.e., village level) drought vulnerability mapping in one of the climate disaster prone regions of eastern India using geospatial technology and the TOPSIS model. We applied a data-intensive methodology to capture the components of vulnerability namely exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Results showed that between 1981 and 2018, about 14% of the study area, located in the of the Tangi-Chowdwar region in the state of Odisha, India was highly to very highly vulnerable to agricultural drought, followed by 52.5% that was moderately vulnerable. Conversely, most of the southern part, accounting for 33.5% of the total area, exhibited lower vulnerability to drought. Beyond assessing current conditions, this study demonstrates the value of integrating multi-criteria decision-making with high-resolution geospatial datasets. The drought vulnerability map showed an accuracy of 82.6%, indicating robustness for agricultural drought mapping and monitoring. The framework and methodology demonstrated in this study can be easily expanded for agricultural vulnerability mapping to enable policy makers in devising disaster risk reduction plans for other countries and regions.</p>