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<p>Water vapor is one of the major atmospheric gases responsible for signal impairments on satellite-to-ground and ground-to-satellite links at higher frequency bands such as Ka- and V-bands, which are required for improved satellite and terrestrial communication applications. To improve signal quality and system performance, there is a need to characterize tropospheric Water Vapor Attenuation (WVA) for communication applications over selected locations in tropical Nigeria. Ten (10) years data of temperature and relative humidity, spanning January 2013 to December 2022, extracted from the archive of ECMWF (ERA5/ERA5-LAND), at 1000&#xa0;hPa pressure level, and 0.25° × 0.25° resolution, were deployed for the study across 20 locations in four climatic regions of Nigeria. WVA was computed for six (6) frequency bands from 12 to 50&#xa0;GHz, its Complimentary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF), Probability Density Function, descriptive statistics, as well as geospatial profile were characterized across Nigeria. WVA values for the regions were well approximated by the t location-scale, Birnbaum-Saunders, and generalized extreme value models to varying degrees of accuracy. The mean values of WVA range between 0.04&#xa0;dB in Maiduguri and 0.09&#xa0;dB in Port Harcourt, reflecting the diversity of the country’s geoclimatic structure. Also, the CCDF analysis shows that an allowance of 0.104&#xa0;dB and 0.145&#xa0;dB at the Sahelian and derived Savanah regions, respectively, are required to improve quality of service delivery at these locations.</p>

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Spatial and statistical signatures of tropospheric water vapor attenuation for communication applications over Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Ayodeji Gabriel Ashidi,
  • Olumide Stephen Akinnawonu,
  • Sunday Emmanuel Falodun

摘要

Water vapor is one of the major atmospheric gases responsible for signal impairments on satellite-to-ground and ground-to-satellite links at higher frequency bands such as Ka- and V-bands, which are required for improved satellite and terrestrial communication applications. To improve signal quality and system performance, there is a need to characterize tropospheric Water Vapor Attenuation (WVA) for communication applications over selected locations in tropical Nigeria. Ten (10) years data of temperature and relative humidity, spanning January 2013 to December 2022, extracted from the archive of ECMWF (ERA5/ERA5-LAND), at 1000 hPa pressure level, and 0.25° × 0.25° resolution, were deployed for the study across 20 locations in four climatic regions of Nigeria. WVA was computed for six (6) frequency bands from 12 to 50 GHz, its Complimentary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF), Probability Density Function, descriptive statistics, as well as geospatial profile were characterized across Nigeria. WVA values for the regions were well approximated by the t location-scale, Birnbaum-Saunders, and generalized extreme value models to varying degrees of accuracy. The mean values of WVA range between 0.04 dB in Maiduguri and 0.09 dB in Port Harcourt, reflecting the diversity of the country’s geoclimatic structure. Also, the CCDF analysis shows that an allowance of 0.104 dB and 0.145 dB at the Sahelian and derived Savanah regions, respectively, are required to improve quality of service delivery at these locations.