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<p>This study investigates the variability of extreme temperature indicators in the Qilian Mountains (QLM) and their response to atmospheric and oceanic circulation. The results revealed that from 1979 to 2017, four absolute indices (TXx, TXn, TNn, and TNx) exhibited a notable upward trend. Regarding the two warm indices (TX90p and TN90p), a significant warming tendency was observed during the 1979–2017 period, with a particularly rapid increase observed during the 1990s. As for the cold indices (TX10p and TN10p), they showed a downward trend from 1979 to 2017, with a sharp decline occurring in 1997. Moreover, other indices (ID0 and FD0) also presented a distinct decreasing trend during 1979–2017. Our analysis revealed that extreme temperature indicators were strongly associated with atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and the Arctic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) had a particularly prominent influence. This research enhances our understanding of extreme temperature dynamics in topographically complex mountain ecosystems and their interannual co-variability with large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns.</p>

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Trends in extreme temperatures and their associations with atmospheric-oceanic circulation indices in the Qilian Mountains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Peng Zhao

摘要

This study investigates the variability of extreme temperature indicators in the Qilian Mountains (QLM) and their response to atmospheric and oceanic circulation. The results revealed that from 1979 to 2017, four absolute indices (TXx, TXn, TNn, and TNx) exhibited a notable upward trend. Regarding the two warm indices (TX90p and TN90p), a significant warming tendency was observed during the 1979–2017 period, with a particularly rapid increase observed during the 1990s. As for the cold indices (TX10p and TN10p), they showed a downward trend from 1979 to 2017, with a sharp decline occurring in 1997. Moreover, other indices (ID0 and FD0) also presented a distinct decreasing trend during 1979–2017. Our analysis revealed that extreme temperature indicators were strongly associated with atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and the Arctic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) had a particularly prominent influence. This research enhances our understanding of extreme temperature dynamics in topographically complex mountain ecosystems and their interannual co-variability with large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns.