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<p>Coal fire poses a major challenge to the coal mining region, which can increase the temperature of the surrounding areas, thus increasing the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect on the settlements close to the mining region. The land surface temperature (LST) of different land use and land cover (LULC) classes in Jharia Coal Mines, Dhanbad, India, affected by coal fires, has been used to establish a novel proximate relationship between coal fires and distance, using the Landsat-8 multispectral dataset. Results suggest that during the summer season, the impact of coal fires on LST was highest, with the maximum effect on waterbodies and the minimum on barren areas, reaching distances of 953&#xa0;m and 889&#xa0;m, respectively, with maximum LST values of 52.99&#xa0;°C and 51.31&#xa0;°C. The dense vegetation remained most effective in lowering the impact during the summer season, reducing the LST of built areas up to 2.87&#xa0;°C in severely affected regions. The seasonal difference in the distance of impact due to coal fires was highest on waterbodies and dense vegetation classes, and lowest on built-up and barren areas. This study provides a precise proximity analysis method to quantify the impact of coal fires on LULC and guide evidence-based mitigation from the heat island effect in the coal mining areas to enhance the climate resilience of the surrounding community.</p>

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Proximity analysis of the impact of coal fire on surface urban heat Island in Jharia coal mining region of Eastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Wilson Kandulna,
  • Manish Kumar Jain

摘要

Coal fire poses a major challenge to the coal mining region, which can increase the temperature of the surrounding areas, thus increasing the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect on the settlements close to the mining region. The land surface temperature (LST) of different land use and land cover (LULC) classes in Jharia Coal Mines, Dhanbad, India, affected by coal fires, has been used to establish a novel proximate relationship between coal fires and distance, using the Landsat-8 multispectral dataset. Results suggest that during the summer season, the impact of coal fires on LST was highest, with the maximum effect on waterbodies and the minimum on barren areas, reaching distances of 953 m and 889 m, respectively, with maximum LST values of 52.99 °C and 51.31 °C. The dense vegetation remained most effective in lowering the impact during the summer season, reducing the LST of built areas up to 2.87 °C in severely affected regions. The seasonal difference in the distance of impact due to coal fires was highest on waterbodies and dense vegetation classes, and lowest on built-up and barren areas. This study provides a precise proximity analysis method to quantify the impact of coal fires on LULC and guide evidence-based mitigation from the heat island effect in the coal mining areas to enhance the climate resilience of the surrounding community.